History 111 Ch. 1-4 – Flashcards
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Upper Egypt
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The southern region of ancient Egypt, named so because it was located upriver with the Nile's flow. Cairo to Sudan.
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Lower Egypt
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The northern region of ancient Egypt, named so because it was located downriver with the Nile's flow.
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Early Hominids
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human like australopithecines started 3 to 4 millions years ago. Oldest fossils found in Great Rift Valley (Africa) 1950s to 1960s lucy - greatest ever find
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Sumerians
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People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions.
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When were most Pyramids built?
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During the Old Kingdom. Around 2700 B.C.E.
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Mummification
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a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying
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Cambyses, Darius
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Successors of Cyrus.
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Nebuchadnezzar II
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Babylon king who conquored the South Kingdom of Israel and destroyed Jerusalem in 586-587 BCE (6th century) and ruled for about 40-50 years - he was conquored by King Cyrus of Egypt
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Jewish Religion
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Live in covenant with God's law, God's chosen people, waiting for savior
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Capital of Kingdom of Judah?
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Jerusalem
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Hinduism vs. Buddhism
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HINDUISM = reincarnation BUDDHISM = meditation, reach nirvana through good karma, no individual spirit, not multiple Gods.
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Language of Vedas
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Sanskrit
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Founder of Buddhism
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Siddhartha Guatama
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Asoka's Pillars
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Pilgrim routes to holy places, and to commemorate the life of Buddha.
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Middle Path
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Buddhist path of moderation, avoidance of extremes of vulgar materialism or a life of self-torture
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Chinese River Valleys
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Yellow River and Yangtze River
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The Dao
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The creative rhythm of the universe, or "the way".
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Longest Chinese Dynasty
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Chou.. Zhou
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Ying and Yang
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Chinese symbol that means complementary opposites; dark and happy
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Confucius
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chinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life
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Han Dynasty
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A line of rulers from the same family, imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization
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Founder of Han Dynasty
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Liu Bang
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Greek Geography
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An enormously divisive force in Greek life because the rugged terrain (Mountainous, rugged land surrounded by sea, Peninsula & Islands, few rivers or farmland, but good harbors) led to political fragmentation. Geographical Isolation = City States (culturally their own identity): No Central Government.
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zeus
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(Greek mythology) the supreme god of ancient Greek mythology
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archimedes
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(287-212 BCE) Greek mathematician and inventor. He wrote works on plane and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics. He is best known for the lever and pulley.
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Sparta
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The largest ancient Greek city-state, located on the southern Peloponnesus
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Mycenaean Civilizations
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Mainland Greeks from the Bronze Ages, greatly influenced by the Minoans; randomly wealthy families
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Homer
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Ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
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Cleisthenes
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Made athenian assembly-law making body, granted some citizenship to some imms. and former slaves. set-up council of 500, introduced Ostracism
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Polis
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Form of government in which power is centralized into a local city-state.
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Spartan Society
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- Strong military - Everyone educated in military - Very vicious - First paid military * Located in Peloponnesus
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Qin Dynasty
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Lasted 15 years, they were Legalists,believed in reward and punishment, Great rulers; still needed help
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siddhartha
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Siddhartha Gautama, a prince from Sakya, also known as Sakyamuni, Tathagata, Buddha. The Buddha for our era. Achieves enlightenment through his own reflective and meditative efforts.
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100,000 B.C.E.
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Humans had evolved in africa. Hominids, austilopithica, ect.
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Hoplites
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Heavily armed Greek infantrymen who marched and fought in close ranks; most of the recruits were middle-class citizens
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School of Greece
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Nickname of Athens, by Pericles
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Zhou
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Chinese dynasty that was the foundation of Chinese thought formed during this period: Confucianism, Daoism, Zhou Classics. Mandate of Heaven. Esclisped Shang. Nomadic invaded.
