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What was the main cause of the early fourteenth century famines?

answer

a little ice age inducing bad weather with heavy rains

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Politically, France by the end of the fourteenth century saw

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chaos and civil war as rival noble factions fought for control of the realm.

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Post-plague socioeconomic relations between rich and poor in Europe

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got much worse as materially threatened nobles began to regard wealthier peasants and their new-found desires for meat and wine with utter contempt.

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After helping drive the English from France, Joan of Arc went on to

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be burned at the stake as a heretic.

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One major issue behind the Hundred Years' War was a claim to the French throne by the English king

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Edward III.

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Economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century

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raised wages because of a scarcity of labor.

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Pogroms were

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organized massacres against the Jews

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The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381

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was caused by the rising economic expectations of ordinary people.

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The European aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by

answer

seeking to lower wages by legal means, especially for farm laborers

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Postplague socioeconomic relations between rich and poor in Europe

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got much worse as the positions of landlords deteriorated, and they sought to limit the gains of the peasants.

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France's "first woman of letters" was

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Christine de Pizan

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The conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France began when Philip

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taxed churchmen without the Church's permission

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A key economic consequence of the plague was

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decline in manorialism and weakening of feudalism as noble landlords desperate for cash converted peasant labor service to market rents freeing their serfs.

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The French government and aristocracy responded to the Jacquerie by

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massacring the participants

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In fourteenth-century Venice, the real executive power of the state came to be held by the

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Council of Ten.

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From 1305 to 1377, the Papacy resided across the French border in the town of

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Avignon.

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The Italian condottieri were

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leaders of mercenary bands, occasionally ruling as military dictators.

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The Great Schism

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badly damaged the faith of many Christian believers

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Politically, Italy and Germany were similar in the fourteenth century because both regions failed to develop a

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centralized monarchical state.

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The fifteenth century theologian who claimed that reason could not prove spiritual truth was

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William of Occam

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Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

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portrayed characters from a variety of status levels, both high- and low-born

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The crucial battle of the Hundred Years' War that was won by Henry V in 1415 and that led to the treaty and apparent victory in the war for Henry and England was the Battle of

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Agincourt

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During the reign of Edward III of England, the Great Council of the barons

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became the House of Lords forming a hereditary body of peers in Parliament

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During the Black Death

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Jews were accused of causing the plague by poisoning town wells.

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Reflects the medieval preoccupation w/ the soul's progression to salvation.

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Dante's Divine Comedy

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The most revolutionary of 13th & 14th century inventions were?

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Clocks

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One of the causes of the Hundred Years' War was a dispute over the right of succession to the French throne after the death of the last Capetian king in 1328. True or False?

answer

True

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The percentage of the European population who died b/t 1347 & 1351 by the Black Death is estimated at?

answer

25%-50%

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In the conduct of the Hundred Years' War, a sure sign of feudalism's decline was the decisive role of peasant foot soldiers rather than mounted knights. True or False?

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True

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A reduction in the persecution of religious minorities b/c of the displeasure it caused God was a reaction to the great plague. True or False?

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False

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Known as that period in the history of the Catholic Church marked by the creation & feuding of multiple popes.

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The Great Schism

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Bubonic plague originated in

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Asia

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The flagellants

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were praised by the catholic church for their miraculous deeds

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Ars Moriendi means

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the art of dying

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At the Battle of Crecy

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English archers devoted the french calvary

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Joan of Arc saved France by inspiring the French soldiers to break the English siege of

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Orleans

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Joan of Arc

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was captured by the Burgundians and turned over to their english allies

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The Golden Bull of 1356 in Germany

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gave seven electors the power to choose the king of the romans

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The chief ambition of the Venetian city-state in the 14th century was

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the financial control of the HRE

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Mysticism in the 14th century

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emphasized in intensely personal feeling of oneness with god

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The Decameron is set

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in florence at the time of the black death

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Dantes divine comedy

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is considered a supreme summary of medieval thought

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Changed urban attitudes in the 14th century included

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the regulation and acceptance of prostitution in most communities

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Women benefitted from the Black death because

answer

there were new employment opportunities

History 1: Western Civ Chapter 11 – Flashcards

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