HIST EXAM 4 (100%) – Flashcards
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Maria Cunitz popularized the astronomical tables of Johannes Kepler, and corrected some of them
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TRUE
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European population ________ in 1600 - 1650 during a period known as the Little Ice Age.
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stagnated and flat.
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In the early 1500s, France competed with what other state for control of the Italian city-states?
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Spain.
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One sign that states had turned to professional standing armies is that by 1750, most armies
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wore uniforms.
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One of the reasons commoners became more attentive to religion in the fifteenth century was that they had more __________ available for them.
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printed materials.
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In several countries in Western Europe, such as France, Spain, and England, popes in the fifteenth century lost the power to
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appoint bishops
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Luther wrote his 95 Theses objecting to the sale of indulgences in German and read it aloud in the Wittenberg town square.
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true.
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Luther proposed several reforms, including putting __________ above tradition and canon law. A. personal interests
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The New Testament
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One of the first secular rulers to support Luther and to create a Lutheran state was
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the Duke of Saxony
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Francis I of France was particularly hard on Protestants in his kingdom because he was in a competition with Charles V of Spain for
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influence over the pope.
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A central doctrine of Calvin's Protestantism was his belief in
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predestination to heaven or hell
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Approximately ten percent of France's population in the mid-1500s was Huguenot, who were
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Lutheran
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Catherine de'Medicis of France arranged for a marriage between her daughter, a Catholic, to Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot, hoping to end religious violence.
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TRUE
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When Dutch Calvinists revolted in 1565, what did they do to Catholic churches?
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stripped the churches of images and sculpture.
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The Thirty Years' War began with religious tensions in
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Bohemia
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German Lutherans fighting in the Thirty Years' War were aided in 1630 by the intervention of the Lutheran king of Sweden, Gustavus II Adolphus, who formed an alliance with
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Louis XIII of France
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At the end of the Thirty Year's war, who emerged as the dominant power in Europe?
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France
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What aspect of government continued to represent a decentralizing force, even in absolute monarchies such as Louis XIV's France?
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tax collection
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Peter the Great of Russia paid foreign advisors in
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estates
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Who granted the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia the title of "king" in 1701?
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Holy Roman Emperor
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By the eighteenth century, England had a larger navy than France and dominated the world's oceans.
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TRUE
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Even before the invention of the printing press in c. 1454, what technological change made the translation of classical Greek texts into Latin easier?
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adoption of paper from Islamic Spain
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Machiavelli's concept of virtù, of an intuitive leader, was derived in part from the political theories of
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Aristotle.
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Nicolaus Copernicus completed his university education in Italy, where he completed a degree in
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canon law
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Mathematic theory improved in the sixteenth century when Europeans began to reconsider the dominance of ____________as the only intellectual paradigm.
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Religion
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What New Scientist rediscovered the theories of Archimedes on sinking bodies?
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Galileo
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n 1632 Galileo was sentenced to house arrest for his support of Copernicus's heliocentric theory because it was viewed by the Inquisition as a contradiction of
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common sense.
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What new field of mathematics did Newton and Leibniz simultaneously develop?
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calculus
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n the seventeenth century, the preferred non-alcoholic drink in Western Europe was
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coffee
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The salon became a popular place to share ideas of New Science because unlike French universities, the salons allowed _____________ to participate.
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women
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Pascal's theories about altitude and air pressure led to what practical application of the vacuum?
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weather-forecasting
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Hobbes rejected the idea that individuals living in a state had the freedom to
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wage war
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what did the edict of nantes in 1598, issued by king Henry IV promise?
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freedom of religion for French Calvinism
