HIST 142 CSUSB – Flashcards
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Luni-Solar
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relating or attributed to the moon and the sun
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Huang DI
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He declared himself the first emperor of China. standardized Chinese writing, bureaucracy, scholarship, law, currency, weights and measures. He expanded the Chinese empire, built a capital in Xian, a system of roads, and massive fortifications and palaces.
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Hebrew Bible
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Old Testament, or Tanakh, collection of writings that was first compiled and preserved as the sacred books of the Jewish people. It constitutes a large portion of the Christian Bible.
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Ramadan
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Ramadan is the name of the ninth month in the Islamic lunar calendar.Holy month in the Islamic faith. People fast from approximately sunrise to sunset -- this practice creates tolerance and a respect for those who do not have enough to eat.
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Long Count
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Designed by the Mayans. Calender that has its great length of at least 5126 years called the Great Cycle
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Kalends
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the first day of the month in the ancient Roman calendar
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Dionyslus exiguus
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canonist who is considered the inventor of the Christian calendar, was a 6th-century monk born in Scythia Minor (probably modern Dobruja, which is in Romania and Bulgaria)
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Mesopotamia
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an ancient region in W Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers: now part of Iraq.
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Iranian Plateau
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a plateau in Iran, extending from the Tigris to the Indus Rivers. 1000000 sq. mi. (2590000 sq. km).
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Hellenism
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the national character or culture of Greece, especially ancient
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Parthians
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of, relating to, or characteristic of ancient Parthia or its people.
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Sassanids
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a member of the Sassanian dynasty.
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Shahname
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"The Book of Kings", is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran.
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Zoroastrianism
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a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC.
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Mare Nostrum
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(Latin for "Our Sea") was a Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea. In the years following the unification of Italy in 1861, the term was revived by Italian nationalists who believed that Italy was the successor state to the Roman Empire.
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Senate
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the state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights.
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Augustus
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the title given to Octavian, the first Roman emperor. He was the adopted son of Julius Caesar who rose to power through a combination of military skill and political prowess. This was also the name of three kings of Poland.
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Constantine
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Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337) 2.
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Aeneid
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a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans.
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Synagogue
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the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction. A Jewish assembly or congregation.
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Gospel
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the teaching or revelation of Christ.
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Edict of Milan
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a letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. The letter was issued in 313, shortly after the end of the persecution of Christians by the emperor Diocletian.
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Khyber Pass
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A major land link between India, Persia, and the Silk Road. (A narrow mountain pass on the border between eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan.)
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Monsoon
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the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. 2. (In India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season.
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Indo-Greeks
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a Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of the northwest regions of the South Asia (mainly modern Afghanistan and Pakistan) during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, [2] often in conflict with each other.
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Kushan
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a member of an Iranian dynasty that invaded the Indian subcontinent and established a powerful empire in the northwest between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD.
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Guptas
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an ancient Indian empire, founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta, which existed at its zenith from approximately 240 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent.
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Caste
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each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status.
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Hindu Caste System
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Brahmins (Priests) / Kshatriyas (Warriors) / Vaishyas (Merchants & Landowners) / Shudras (Servants & Subordinates) / Untouchables (Landry Cleaners & Street Sweepers)
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Nirvana
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(in Buddhism) a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.
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Bhagavad Gita
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(Song of the Lord), often referred to as simply the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata.
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Qin Chi Huangdi
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Unifies the warring states into the empire
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Han
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Han Dynasty
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Wudi
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The best ruler of the Han Dynasty. He helped expand the Chinese culture beyond the Silk Road. He extended the Great Wall of China. He created two policies. His capital was burned.
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Sinicization
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Also called chinalization, is a process whereby non-Han Chinese societies come under the influence of dominant Han Chinese state and society (spread of Chinese culture)
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Sui
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Sui Dynasty
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Stirrup
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A metal foot holding pocket that is used to keep balance on a horse.
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Mandate of Heaven
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The Emperors authority
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Shu
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Don't do to others what you don't want done to you. Equal give and take / back and forth. Give respect, get respect.
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Sahara Desert
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Isolated Coast line
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Sahel
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Arabic, meaning Coast, semi-desert & semi-grassland
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Meroe
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Moroe Kingdom
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Aksum
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Aksum Kingdom
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Jenne-jeno
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1st city to have a centralized administration. 1st largest chiefdom. Located in the Niger River Valley in the country of Mali. Literally translated to "ancient Djenné", it is the original site of Djenné, Mali and considered to be among the oldest urbanized centers and the best known archaeology site in sub-Saharan Africa.[
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Bantu Migrations
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African peoples who originally lived in the area of present-day Nigeria; around 2000 B.C.E. they began a centuries-long migration that took them to most of sub-Saharan Africa; the Bantu were very influential, especially linguistically.
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Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
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Rain forest farmers who travel around sea
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Hyperdiffusionism
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A hypothesis stating that one civilization or people is the creator of all logical and great things which are then diffused to less civilized nations.
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Maya
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People from Mesoamerica
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Pitz
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A Mayan ball game played in courts in the city of Copan
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Teotihuacan
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Bowl shaped capital of Mexico. Had a very large lake at its center therefore many different towns can use the lake at once.
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Moche
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Culture, coastal valley, federation or chiefdom
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Nazca
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A civilization that flourished on the southern coast of Peru
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Geoglyph
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In animal and geometric form
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Aboriginals
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Original Settlers in Australia
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Dreamtime
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An imaginary reality of Austrilian clans going back to creation.
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Lapita
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Ancestoral culture of the islands in Oceania
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Moai
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Rapa Nui East Island statues. The Moai of Rapa
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Funan
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A kingdom with a federation a small states / covered Vietnam, Thailand, Chinese mountains / Hindu Kingdom
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Srivijaya
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A Malay kingdom that dominated the straits of Malacca between 670 and 1025 ce. Noted for its creation of native / indian hybrid culture
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Khmer
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Khmer empire was a Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia. The empire, which grew out of the former kingdoms of Funan and Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia, parts of modern-day Laos, Thailand, and southern Vietnam.
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Temporary Marriage
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To have a somewhere to live, Australian traders temporarily married Southeast Asian women. They made contract with an expiration date of their temporary marriage. Children born during the temporary marriage were legitimate and stayed with their mother.
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Abrahamic religions
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Judaism, Christianity, and Jerusalem are called The Abrahamic Religious
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Umma
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Arabic, meaning Community, miniature state / original community for Muslims / the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan significance: Provided peace along these lands
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Caliph
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Gods representative / Only descendants of Allah / the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth significance: Center of several debates, the leader of an expansive empire
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Sunni / Shi'a Division
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Sunni means norm / they believed that anyone could be go a representative of God as long as they were elite. Shi'a a Division is a party of Allah
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Abbasids
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The dynasty that came after the Umayyads, devoted their energy to trade, scholorship, and the arts significance: ushered in an era of flourishing of the dar al-Islam
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al-jibra
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meaning the book. Algebra was pinned for by this book of math
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Constantinople
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City of Constantinople
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Ecumenical Councils
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Greek, meaning the Whole Wide World, Where Christians would meet
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Iconoclasm
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Smashing coins
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Cyrillic Alphabet
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The Slavic language used in Russia
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Rus
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Originally Scandinavian Vikings
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East-West Schism
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Division between the Greek and Roman Church
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Crusade
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A movement meaning cross leading
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Harsha Vardhana
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An Indian monarc who created a small state
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Cholas
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Most sucessful statemakers
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Vijayanagar
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Meaning City of Victory
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Sultanate of Delhi
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Major Turkic Muslim state established in northern India in 1206
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Raziya al-Dina
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1st and only female ruler / general designated by her father
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Muhammad ibn-Tughluq
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The Prophet of Islam (570-632ce)
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Usury
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For many medieval Muslims and Christians usury meant charging any interest at all on loans. For some medieval and most modern Muslims and Christians, usury meaning charging excessive interest on loans
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Sikhism
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A significant syncretic religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism. Founded by Guru Nanak
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East-West Schism
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Division between the Greek and Roman Church
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Chiefdom
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An agricultural village or town with a population of about 1000 inhabitants in which people know each other. A chiefdom requires a person of authority to keep order as a respected chief.
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Kingdom
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A city-state or territorial state in which a ruler claims a divine mandate and support by a military force, keeps order and provides for defense against outside attacks.
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Empire
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A major political unit that has many territories under a single sovereign authority.
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Periodization
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refers to the way historians divide the past into distinct eras. How can we possibly divide the history of humanity into manageable chunks? Like all storytelling, history requires a structure, and periodization is one of the main devices historians use to create structure.
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Stateless Societies
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cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government.
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What does Ban Zhao tell us about the status of daughters-in-law in her culture? Are these fates capable of being avoided?
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Daughter-in-laws are supposed to agree with the parents-in-law whether they are right or wrong. They can be respected for being obedient, but are not supposed to have much say in things. In the quote stated, Ban Zhao tells us she was nervous about disgracing her family, and causing trouble for her husband and his family. At the time of writing, however, she felt more certain about what her duties were and how to behave, and wrote Lessons for Women in order to share that experience so that others would not have to share those worries
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What should be the central and perennial activities of a woman's life, in the opinion of Ban Zhao? Did she conduct her own life differently?
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Ban Zhao expected women to be humble and sober, to serve their husbands industriously, to be respectful in conjugal relations, to observe the four womanly virtues (morality, words, appearance, and work), to undertake family chores whole-heartedly, to be obedient, and finally to reduce familial conflicts with in-laws
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Was Hypatia killed principally because she was a female philosopher or because she was a non-Christian philosopher?
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Because they were extremely jealous of her. Crowds of people wanted to see ; hear her more then they wanted to go to any church. "A Christian mob of Nitrian monks (led by Peter)", dragged her into the church, then viciously murdered ; dismembered her. They later justified it by saying that she used "magic, astrolabes, and instruments of music, to beguile many people through Satanic wiles."
