question

Mary Harris Jones

answer

was a leader of the United Mine Workers of America who expanded its membership by stressing the need to fight for families.

question

Who led the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike?

answer

Eugene V. Debs

question

Who founded Standard Oil?

answer

John D. Rockefeller

question

Which of the following statements about the period from 1860 to 1900 is true?

answer

Manufacturing output soared; Innovative advertising and marketing techniques were created; Industry often polluted the environment; Boom-bust business cycles produced two major depressions

question

What did Henry George argue in Progress and Poverty?

answer

that the government should tax the unearned profits of rising land prices and use the funds to ease the misery caused by industrialization.

question

Which of the following best describes economic mobility in late nineteenth century America?

answer

Millions experienced an improved standard of living, yet the gap between rich and poor widened

question

Which of the following issues obstructed the growth of unions in the late 19th century?

answer

Divisions between skilled craftsmen and common laborers; Limited financial resources; Divisions over tactics; Ethnic and religious diversity of the working class

question

Which of the following statements concerning the Sherman Anti-Trust Act are true?

answer

Its success was limited, since only 18 suits were brought by the government from 1890 to 1904; Companies like Standard Oil got around it by reorganizing as holding companies

question

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the differences between single working-class women and married working-class women in the nineteenth century?

answer

Married women commonly worked under sweatshop conditions within the tenements, whereas single women often viewed outside work as an opportunity

question

Why did women join the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Changes in agriculture brought young farm women into the industrial labor force, and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes

question

Which of the following were ways that Andrew Carnegie revolutionized the steel industry?

answer

standardizing workplace procedures to achieve greater efficiency; incorporating the Bessemer process in his steel manufacturing factories; utilizing vertical integration to minimize costs and maximize profits; applying rigorous cost accounting

question

Which of the following was the result of the rapid industrial development of the United States between 1860 and 1900?

answer

an economy dominated by enormous corporations

question

What did Adam Smith argue in The Wealth of Nations?

answer

Self-interest acted as an "invisible hand" in the marketplace, automatically regulating the supply of and demand for services

question

How did southern cotton mills differ from northern cotton mills in the 1880s?

answer

Southern cotton mills were located in the countryside rather than cities.

question

Which of the following was a positive effect of the lumber industry in the South?

answer

There was an increase in employment among African-Americans.

question

Besides the fact that its all-inclusive membership undermined its unity, why did the Knights of Labor collapse in the late 1880s?

answer

Workers became disillusioned when a series of unauthorized strikes failed.

question

How did industrialization affect skilled craftsmen?

answer

Subdividing the manufacture of a product into smaller jobs meant that an individual no longer manufactured an entire product

question

Dreams of a "New South" centered on a vision for

answer

industrial development

question

In the late nineteenth century, child labor was

answer

common in the coal mines and cotton mills

question

Which of the following did Thomas Edison invent?

answer

phonograph

question

Who supported the New South Creed?

answer

Industrialists who believed that the South's natural resources and cheap labor made it a natural site for industrial development.

question

Who argued that "The law of survival of the fittest was not made by man, and it cannot be abrogated by man. We can only, by interfering with it, produce the survival of the unfittest."?

answer

William Graham Sumner

question

Which of the following were principles advocated by Terence V. Powderly and the Knights of Labor?

answer

Temperance; Producer and consumer cooperatives; Immigration restrictions; The admission of blacks into local Knights of Labor assemblies

question

Who were the "new immigrants" who poured into the United States between 1890 and 1920?

answer

Southern and Eastern Europeans

question

According to its defenders in the late nineteenth century, college football

answer

was a character-building sport that could function as a surrogate frontier experience in an increasingly urbanized society.

question

Which of the following is an example of the impact of the department store?

answer

It made shopping an adventure; It functioned as a kind of social club and home away from home for comfortably fixed women; It overcame middle- and upper-class reluctance to spend; It convinced middle class families to buy cheaper products that they would have to replace annually

question

What of the following were elements of Hull House's anti-poverty mission?

answer

Establishing settlement houses where workers lived in the neighborhoods they serviced; A philosophy that recognized the hardships of slum life as often being beyond the individual's control; Its emphasis on creating a social center with art and educational programs and a nursery

question

Why did the New York campaigns against vice (gambling, prostitution, saloons) ultimately fail?

answer

The city's population was too large and ethnically diverse for reformers to curb all the illegal activities

question

What did the work of Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union show about many women in the late nineteenth century?

answer

That activists could use the cult of domesticity as a rationale for their efforts to improve society

question

The Salvation Army was

answer

organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, temporary employment and morality to poor immigrant families

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes urban growth in the late 19th century.

answer

Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing by over 400 percent

question

Why did young farm women lead the exodus from rural areas to cities?

answer

Farming was increasingly male work due to mechanization.

question

Why was the development of the flush toilet and indoor plumbing so significant?

answer

It helped fight the many diseases that flourish in polluted waters

question

Department stores educated society about the uses of many new products, just as they established norms about what goods "proper" families should maintain in their possession. What term best illustrates this function of department stores?

answer

They "socialized" people to the need for products

question

Modernist architects like Frank Lloyd Wright believed that

answer

A building's form should follow its function

question

What is the significance of the book Sister Carrie?

answer

Its realistic story of a 'fallen' woman warned of the dangers of the new urban environment.

question

For a late-nineteenth-century unmarried working-class woman, why did amusement parks exert a powerful lure?

answer

They were places to meet friends, get away from parental supervision, and try out the latest dance steps

question

One reason for the popularity of professional baseball in the late 19th century was it

answer

fostered solidarity among some ethnic groups

question

What of the following were elements of Hull House's anti-poverty mission?

answer

Its emphasis on creating a social center with art and educational programs and a nursery; A philosophy that recognized the hardships of slum life as often being beyond the individual's control; Establishing settlement houses where workers lived in the neighborhoods they serviced

question

Which of the following statements about Ragtime are true?

answer

It was considered to have catchy, freer and complex rhythms; It originated in brothels and was associated with blacks; It was played strictly for entertainment; The music displayed a fresh originality

question

New systems of mass transit gave the middle class

answer

the opportunity to live miles from their work.

question

Why did leisure-time activities become increasingly important to the working class during the late nineteenth century?

answer

Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited

question

How did the settlement-house movement distinguish itself from other urban social-welfare organizations?

answer

It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor

question

How were the new research universities of the late 19th century different from earlier colleges?

answer

They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research

question

Which of the following is a valid conclusion to draw about the ways in which immigrants adjusted to urban life in their new society?

answer

Skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult.

question

Economist Thorstein Veblen used the term "conspicuous consumption" to describe

answer

The excessive materialism of the wealthy and the widening gap between workers and the wealthy

question

During the late nineteenth century, the working-class saloon was

answer

the center for immigrant politics; a place to escape the socially isolating routines of the factory; a place for a free lunch

question

Who was known as the king of ragtime?

answer

Scott Joplin

question

Which of the following is evidence that public education in the late-nineteenth-century United States had become entangled in ethnic and class differences?

answer

The proliferation of private and parochial schools; The debates over classroom decorum; The efforts to wrest control of schools from neighborhood leaders; The controversy over compulsory education

question

What did the work of Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union show about many women in the late nineteenth century?

answer

That activists could use the cult of domesticity as a rationale for their efforts to improve society.

HIST 1320 Ch. 18 & 19 – Flashcards

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