question

Importance of silk road and trade with the mediterranean region

answer

gold and silver coins minted by Kushan state often imprinted with figures of Iranian and Greek deities

question

Trade between India and Europe began BEFORE the

answer

rise of the Roman Empire

question

Trade between India and Europe expanded rapidly when

answer

sailors mastered the art of Monsoon winds after 1st century C.E.

question

Kushan Kingdom's former base:

answer

near Khotan

question

Overall, Rome appears to have imported _______ than it sold to the Far East

answer

more

question

The Silk Road was a conduit not only of material goods but also of

answer

technology and ideas

question

Chinese Buddhist monks exchanged what ideas with India/Pakistan?

answer

astronomy, mathematics, linguistics, printing, and health care

question

Who patronized Buddhism in the 2nd century CE?

answer

Kanishka, the greatest of Kushan monarchs

question

How did Buddhist monasteries become more involved in economic life?

answer

Merchants were eager to build or donate to monasteries in order to gain social prestige and the promise of a better life after

question

Which urban centers of the Kushan kingdom saw increased activity between Buddhist monasteries and economic life?

answer

Taxila and Varanasi

question

How is the increased economic activity within Buddhist monasteries still visible today?

answer

Buddhist architecture become richly decorated with precious stones and glass

question

What is the significance of Bamiyan?

answer

One of the most prominent centers of statues and caves with messages of and from Buddha. Here, 2 mammoth statues of Buddha were carved out of a sheer sandstone cliff near modern-day Kabul.

question

The Kushan peoples

answer

were of Indo-European background, driven out of Central Asia by the Xiongnu

question

All of the following were true of the Kushan kingdom except...

answer

Under King Kanishka, Buddhism was outlawed and destroyed.

question

(T/F): The Kushan Kingdom met a dubious end in the third century.

answer

true

question

(T/F): the increasing appeal of Buddhism helped the Kushan Kingdom to grow

answer

true

question

(T/F): King Kanishka (of the Kushan Kingdom) was an ardent Buddhist

answer

true

question

(T/F): Under King Kanishka (of the Kushan Kingdom), Buddhism was outlawed and destroyed

answer

false

question

(T/F): trade between China and Rome served the Kushan Kingdom well.

answer

true

question

The Indian sea routes used by the Romans to ship Silk Road imports back to Rome

answer

expanded in the first century C.E. when sailors mastered the monsoon winds

question

The Gupta Dynasty was the greatest state since...

answer

the decline of the Mauryan empire

question

Is there any familial relation between Chandragupta, founder of the Gupta Dynasty with Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Mauryan Dynasty?

answer

No

question

Chandragupta chose which city as the capital for his Kingdom?

answer

Pataliputra

question

Which ruler succeeded Chandragupta?

answer

Samudragupta

question

Which ruler succeeded Samudragupta?

answer

Chandragupta II

question

The Guptas owned______________ which earned them massive profits

answer

mines and vast lands for commercial dealings

question

DEFINE: jati

answer

castes or guilds that privately monopolized key sectors of the Gupta economy

question

Gupta trade was heavily regulated by ________ except for large private sectors dominated by _______

answer

the government; jati (caste) guilds

question

A money economy was likely in operation as early as

answer

the 2nd century BCE

question

A money economy likely occurred as early as the 2nd century BCE when/because:

answer

copper and gold coins had been introduced from the Middle East

question

What event lead to the breakup of the Gupta empire?

answer

incursions by nomadic warriors from the Northwest reduced the power of the empire

question

Chinese pilgrims who traveled to India during the Gupta era encountered Buddhism when.....

answer

the doctrine was beginning to decline in the face of the rise of Hinduism

question

Why did the Buddhist movement split in 2?

answer

Changes in Buddhist orthodoxy: early written sources of Buddhism were reinterpreted as it was absorbed into the everyday life of the people.

question

What kinds of changes could be observed within Buddhism since the time of Gautama?

answer

lessening popularity, the incorporation of Buddha's face into sacred scriptures, and the questioning of Buddha's divinity

question

Theravada means...

answer

the teachings of the elders

question

Followers of Theravada...

answer

Emerged in Sri Lanka and southern India Considered Buddhism a way of life, not a salvationist creed. Strict adherence to personal behavior and the quest for understanding as a means of release

question

Followers of Mahayana...

answer

emerged in Northwest India Believed that Nirvana could be achieved through devotion Argued Theravada was too strict Reinterpreted Buddhism as a religion and not a philosophy

question

Mahayana means...

answer

greater vehicle

question

Followers of Mahayana referred to Theravada as....

answer

Hinayana or lesser vehicle

question

DEFINE: bodhisattvas

answer

he who possesses the essence of Buddhahood

question

Why did Buddhism decline in India?

answer

denied the existence of a soul countered traditional Indian beliefs Rejected class divisions Transformation of Brahmanism to Hinduism

question

DEFINE: Bhakti

answer

devotion

question

The capital of the Gupta Dynasty under Chandragupta I was at

answer

Pataliputra

question

Mahayana Buddhism....

answer

attempted to maximize the number of people who could obtain release from the wheel of life

question

In the divisions within Buddhism, those who followed the school of Theravada believed in

answer

an attachment to individual conduct and the ability to escape the mundane through the pursuit of understanding.

question

When did the Indians become Hindus?

answer

by the end of the first millennium, Hinduism was the majority

question

Arabs did not reach India until...

answer

early 8th century

question

Second phase of Muslim expansion began....

answer

10th and 11th centuries

question

The second phase of Muslim expansion is recognized as the rise of what kingdom?

answer

Ghanzi

question

Where did the Ghanzi kingdom establish itself?

answer

in the old Kushan Kingdom sites of modern-Afghanistan

question

The Ghanzi arose when...

answer

Turkic-speaking slaves seized power from the Samanids, a Persian dynasty

question

Resistance of Mahmud Ghanzi was led by the

answer

Rajputs' aristocratic Hindu clans

question

Who [most likely] were the Rajputs?

answer

aristocratic Hindu clans likely descended from tribal groups from NW India and Central Asia

question

What was the name of the successor state existing after the death of Mahmud Ghanzi?

answer

the Delhi Sultanate

question

Why did Muslim influence spread slowly through India?

answer

The Delhi Sultanate was challenged by the threat of the Mongols from the North

question

After the gradual breakup of the Mongol empire, what new Islamic state emerged?

answer

the Tughluq dynasty (1320-1413)

question

Who was the reigning monarch of the Tughluq dynasty?

answer

Ala-ud-din

question

Who was Tamerlane?

answer

AKA Timur-i-lang (Timur the Lame); ruler of Mongol khanate based in Samarkand

question

Tamerlane occupied/conquered....

answer

ruins of mongol empire, region east of caspian Sea, baghdad, Mesopotamia, Anatolian peninsula

question

Islam was spread through parts of India by the military advances of

answer

Mahmud of Ghazni

question

The more long-lasting effect of Islam's arrival in India occurred with the arrival of

answer

Turkic-speaking Muslims in the tenth-eleventh centuries

question

The Mongol khan from Samarkand who attacked the Islamic state of the Tughluq Dynasty was

answer

Tamerlane

question

Hinduism believed in several_________ where Islam only believed in one

answer

deities

question

Major differences between Islam and Hinduism:

answer

Islam: monotheistic, egalitarian Hinduism: polytheistic, hierarchical

question

Hinduism featured a ________ where islam permitted no one to come between believers and their god

answer

priestly class

question

DEFINE: purdah

answer

Indian term for the practice among Muslims (and some Hindus) of isolating and covering women, preventing them from associating with men outside the home

question

Some muslim rulers were ________ of other faiths

answer

relatively tolerant

question

Did muslim influence have any effect on the Hindu tradition of Sati (widow burning)?

answer

no

question

Who generally held more rights: Muslim women or Hindu Women

answer

Muslim women

question

The primary role of Indian women, in general, was to

answer

produce children

question

(T/F): In post Mauryan India, daughters were preferred over sons

answer

false

question

With the founding of which Dynasty came serious efforts to reconcile the differences in Hindu and Islamic India?

answer

Mughal Dynasty

question

Who founded Sikhism?

answer

guru, Nanak

question

Sikhism attempted to...

answer

integrate the best of Islam and Hinduism into a single relgion

question

(T/F): In most of India, Muslim rule did not substantially disrupt the class and caste system

answer

true

question

Majority of India's population lived...

answer

on the land

question

The wealthy in India lived...

answer

in cities

question

What was the basis of the agricultural economy in India?

answer

peasants would till small plots with oxen, pay a percentage of the harvest to a landlord, who, in turn, paid the local ruler

question

Primary Crops of India:

answer

wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, cotton goods, and spices (including sugar)

question

Why didn't India expand in growth and commerce compared to other major cities?

answer

low status of merchants, monopolization of foreign trade, and the impact of the class and caste system

question

What is the significance of Aryabhata?

answer

Astronomer who calculated pi and the solar year at just more than 365 days

question

Contributions of Indian mathematics?

answer

system of numbers, concept of zero, replaced roman numerals

question

India's greatest artistic achievements?

answer

twenty eight caves of Ajanta

question

What can explain why Middle-class Hindus might convert to Islam during the first few centuries after the religion arrived on the Indian subcontinent?

answer

To avoid the taxes levied on non-Muslim populations

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which was split into 2 sects, with one being known as the 'greater vehicle'?

answer

Buddhism

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which was more accessible to the masses when it emphasized bhakti?

answer

Hinduism

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which was the religion of rulers who stated as foreign conquerors, beginning with the rize of Ghazni in the area of the old Kushan Kingdom?

answer

Islam

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which preached greater equality for the different castes?

answer

Islam and Buddhism

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which originated in India?

answer

Hinduism and Buddhism

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which bean as an elitist religion focused on court sacrifices and asceticism?

answer

Hinduism

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which was, at its height, extended over the whole northern Indian plain with its capital at Delhi?

answer

Islam

question

(T/F): Hindus believe themselves to be superior in every respect and consider foreigners to be impure

answer

true

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which was brought to India by Turkic-speaking converts in the 10th and 11th centuries

answer

Islam

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which began as Brahmanism and was eventually transformed?

answer

Hinduism

question

Of the 3 major religions within ancient and medieval Indian history, which began with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama

answer

Buddhism

question

What is a viable reason for why Southeast Asia was never unified under a single government?

answer

Geographic barriers, especially mountains, prevented political unity

question

Compare the status of women in SE Asia with that of women in China and India

answer

Women in SE Asia had a higher literacy rate than men and more financial independence than their counterparts in India or China

question

What was the most powerful state to emerge in SE Asia before 1600?

answer

Angkor

question

What was the basis of the economies of both Angkor and Pagan?

answer

cultivation of Wet Rice

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