question

John Tatum

answer

C. Won three gold medal at the 2009 national senior games

question

Development is best defined as

answer

b. systematic changes and continuities from conception to death.

question

The three broad domains explored by developmental psychologists are

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b. physical, cognitive, and psychosocial.

question

Traditionally, growth has been defined as

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a. physical changes that occur from conception to maturity.

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_____ aging involves the deterioration of an organism that eventually results in death.

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d. Biological

question

The term age grade refers to a

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b. socially defined age group, with culture-specific assigned roles, privileges, and responsibilities.

question

The category of "teenager" best exemplifies an age

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d. grade

question

A rite of passage marks a transition from one _____ to another.

answer

d. Status

question

A quinceañeara

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c. occurs at 15

question

Diversity can be based on

answer

c. ethnicity, or socioeconomic status, but not race

question

When compared to those from middle- or upper-income families, individuals from lower-income families tend to

answer

a. reach milestones of adulthood earlier.

question

Which distinct period of development was the first to be recognized?

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a. Childhood

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Which United States-born newborn would currently have the longest life expectancy?

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b. Marie, who is a white female

question

The question of how biological and environmental forces impact development is referred to as the _____ issue.

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c. nature-nuture

question

Learning is defined as the process through which _____ brings about relatively permanent changes in actions, thoughts, or feelings.

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d. experience

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Living near a noisy airport can interfere with a child's learning how to read. This is an example of the effects of

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b. physical environment

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Who is most often cited as the founder of developmental psychology?

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d. Jean Piaget

question

A specific prediction about what will hold true if we observe a phenomenon is called a

answer

b. hypothesis

question

The main limitation of the case study method is that

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a. results may not generalize others

question

In an experimental design, the behavior being measured is called the _____ variable.

answer

c. independent

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The theorist most associated with a learning theory approach to development is

answer

b. albert bandura

question

The theorist most associated with cognitive developmental theory is

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c. Piaget

question

Instincts are best described as

answer

a. inborn biological forces that motivate behavior

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Freud emphasized the importance of _____ in determining behavior.

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d. unconscious motivation

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According to Freud, the primary mission of the ego is to

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c. help the child find realistic ways to get needs met.

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According to Freud, the _____ stage is the first psychosexual stage of development.

answer

c. oral

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Erikson used the phrase "_____" to characterize the key element of adolescence.

answer

b. identity crisis

question

The type of learning Watson and Pavlov's studied is referred to as _____ conditioning.

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d. classical

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A major issue with Watson and Raynor's experiment is that

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b. by today's standards, it is unethical

question

The basic premise of operant conditioning is that

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c. the consequences that follow a behavior being repeated

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Reinforcement

answer

a. strengthens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future

question

Punishment

answer

b. weakens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future

question

Which is the best example of positive punishment?

answer

a. giving a child money to get her to mow the lawn

question

How did Bandura demonstrate the existence of "observational learning" in the famous "Bobo" doll study?

answer

a. he showed that children would model an adult they saw in a film.

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Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between

answer

c. a person, his or her behavior and the environment

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Piaget's interest in cognitive development was impacted during his work on standardizing IQ tests, in which he took notice of

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d. the fact that children of the same age often gave the same wrong answer

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_____ championed the position called constructivism.

answer

c. Piaget

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Constructivism proposes that children learn best

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a. by doing

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A major criticism of Piaget's theory is that it

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d. underestimates the cognitive abilities of children

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Which type of theorist would be most likely to describe the human mind in terms of "mental hardware and software"?

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c. information-processing

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A theorist with a(n) _____ perspective would be most likely to focus on the interaction between a changing environmental context and a person who is producing changes in the environment.

answer

b. systems

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Who would best be described as an influential systems theorist?

answer

d. brofenbrenner

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The greatest weakness of the systems theory of development is that it

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c. fails to provide a coherent picture of development

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As a strong believer in learning theory, Bea would be most likely to describe parents as _____ of their children.

answer

d. genetic precursors

question

Dr. Zaius believes that no one theory can explain human development and has developed an approach that incorporates elements from many of the major theories. Given this description, Dr. Zaius is best classified as a(n) _____ theorist.

answer

c. eclectic

question

It is most accurate to say that biological death

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c. is a process consisting of multiple events, with a blurry line between life and death

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A Harvard group definition of biological death includes the criteria of

answer

a. the failure to move for one hour and breathe for three minutes after removal from a ventilator

question

Total brain death includes all of the following components EXCEPT that

answer

c. there is a failure to breathe for 36 hours

question

Active euthanasia is also called

answer

a. mercy killing

question

Which of the following is an example of passive euthanasia?

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c. removing a patient who is brain dead and in an irreversible coma from a respirator

question

Which of the following is an example of assisted suicide?

answer

a. instructing a terminally ill patient on what household chemicals to mix together to create a deadly gas

question

Some doctors will prescribe painkillers or sleeping pills for terminally ill patients, knowing that the patient may very well deliberately take a lethal overdose. This is an example of

answer

d. assisted suicide

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In the United States, there is overwhelming support among members of the general public for

answer

a. passive euthinasia

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Vaughn says, "I believe that everyone has the right to tell other people what they want done in case they are severely injured. For example, if I am ever in an accident and go into a coma, I do not want anyone hooking me up to any machines to keep me alive. That's why I have a piece of paper that says that they cannot do that to me!" This statement indicates that Vaughn is a strong proponent of

answer

d. living wills

question

The main purpose of a living will is to

answer

b. specify how much medical care you wish to receive if you become terminally ill

question

Compared to modern people in the United States, Europeans in the Middle Ages were more likely to

answer

c. care for their dying relatives at home.

question

In which culture would you expect the loudest celebration following someone's death?

answer

a. irish

question

_____ families may engage in Shivah, in which they withdraw from normal activities and mourn for a week immediately after death.

answer

b. jewish

question

In the United States, the average life expectancy to birth is currently about _____ years.

answer

b. 79

question

Based on statistics, which United States resident would you expect to have the longest lifespan?

answer

d. lucy, a european-american female

question

Based on statistics, which United States resident would you expect to have the shortest lifespan?

answer

a. tyler, an african american male

question

You see an obituary in the local newspaper for a 15-year-old. If you live in the United States, what would be the more likely cause of the individual's death?

answer

c. unintentional injury

question

The notion of "stages of dying" is best associated with

answer

b. KublerRoss

question

When the doctor tells him that he is dying of cancer, Harley refuses to believe the doctor and insists that the laboratory results must be inaccurate. Harley is likely in the _____ stage of dying.

answer

a. denial

question

A hope for less pain, more time, or provisions for children are most common during the _____ stage of dying.

answer

c. barganing

question

_____ is defined as a state of loss.

answer

b. bereavement

question

Venus' sister has just died. How could Venus demonstrate the concept of grief?

answer

c. she could feel guilty over not being a better sister

question

Nine-year-old Sarah died from cancer. Her teacher and her classmates made black armbands to wear for a month following her death. Due to the fact that in Sarah's culture, the wearing of black is common following a death, wearing the armbands best illustrates the concept of

answer

d. mourning

question

The phrase "once dead, always dead" best matches the death concept of

answer

b. irreversibility

question

Research on young children with terminal illnesses shows that they

answer

a. usually know that they are going to die

question

Research on widowers and widows has indicated that a common cognitive grief reaction is

answer

a. overindulgence in alcohol

question

Research suggests that for an adult, the loss of a parent is

answer

b. upsetting, but in some ways expected and therefore tends to be easier to deal with than the death of a child or of a spouse

question

The grief-work perspective grew out of _____ theory.

answer

c. psychoanalytic

question

Which attachment style is associated with coping well with the death of a loved one?

answer

b. secure

question

The basic philosophy of a hospice is best summarized as one of

answer

c. "caring"

question

Which is a key theme of the modern lifespan perspective on development?

answer

b. development proceeds in multiple directions

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