Henle Latin Grammar – Flashcards
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The Latin Alphabet:
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Has no w or y; otherwise it is the same as the English.
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c and g are soft before: j is pronounced like:
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e, i, ae, oe; otherwise hard. Hard c as in cat; soft c as in cell. Hard g as in gun; soft g as in germ. j pronounced like y as in yet.
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In words of two syllables the accent is on the fist as in:
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vía, béllum
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What nouns have:
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gender, number, case and declension
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What are the gender types in Latin?
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masculine, feminine and neuter
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All nouns meaning individual male persons are?
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masculine
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All nouns meaning individual female persons are?
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feminine
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The gender of other nouns (neuter) must be learned from their ______?
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declension or from the vocabularies
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In Latin, there are two numbers, what are they?
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singular and plural
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Nominative case is:
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a noun, the subject
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Genetive case is:
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the Possessor
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Dative case is:
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the Indirect Object (to/for)
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Accusative case is:
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the Direct Object, a noun
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Ablative case is:
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Object of the preposition, a noun. (by, with, from)
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Declensions consists in:
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adding the proper endings to the stem to show the different genders, numbers and cases.
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What is the stem?
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The stem is found by dropping the Ending of the Genitive Singular. vi -ae, stem: vi-
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The stem:
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is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling throughout the declension. It gives the meaning of the word does in the sentence, whether it is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.
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The accusative of neuter nouns and adjectives is:
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always like the nominative.
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2nd declension neuter nouns and adjectives the the nominative is like the _____?
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accusative. Singular nom. bellum -- acc. Bellum; plural nom. Bella -- acc. Bella. (Bellum may be translatted as war, the war or a war.)
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The nominative singular of the third declension nouns _______.
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has no model ending (various). Thus lēx, law; pars, part; flūmen, river; and hostis, enemy are all nouns of the third declension. The genitive ending (for the 3rd declension, is always: -is) shows the declension and gives the stem.
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ERROR rule for nouns in the 3rd declension:
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nouns ending in -er, -or are masculine
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SOX rule for nouns in the 3rd declension:
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nouns ending in -s, -o, -x are feminine
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LANCET rule for nouns in the 3rd declension:
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nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t are neuter
