Health Final Exam Study Guide (Semester 2) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Adolescence
answer
The period between childhood and adulthood.
question
Puberty
answer
The time when a person begins to develop certain traits of adults of his or her gender.
question
Cognition
answer
The ability to reason and think out abstract solurtions.
question
Main Idea (Pg 496)
answer
Adolenscents begin moving toward adulthood during puberty.
question
Main Idea (Pg 499)
answer
Adolescents will develop independence, find their identity, and establish their personal values.
question
Physical maturity
answer
The state at which the physical body and all itds organs are fully developed
question
Emotional maturity
answer
The state of which the mental and emotional capabilities of an individual are fully developed.
question
Commitment
answer
A promise or pledge.
question
Adoption
answer
The legal process of taking a child of other parents as ones own.
question
self directed
answer
Able to make correct decisions about behavior when adults are not present to enforce words.
question
unconditional love
answer
Love without limits or quantifications.
question
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD's)
answer
Infections spread from one person to another through sexual contact.
question
Sexually transmittel infections (STI's)
answer
Another name for STD's
question
Asymptomatic
answer
Individuals show no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and disappear after the onset of the infection.
question
HPV Vaccine
answer
A vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer, pre cancerous genital lesions (or sores), and genital warts caused by genital HPV infection.
question
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
answer
A virus that attacks the immune system.
question
Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
answer
A disease in which the immune system is weakened.
question
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD's)
answer
Infections spread from one person to another through sexual contact.
question
Sexually transmittel infections (STI's)
answer
Another name for STD's
question
Asymptomatic
answer
Individuals show no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and disappear after the onset of the infection.
question
HPV Vaccine
answer
A vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer, pre cancerous genital lesions (or sores), and genital warts caused by genital HPV infection.
question
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
answer
A virus that attacks the immune system.
question
Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
answer
A disease in which the immune system is weakened.
question
Plasma
answer
The fluid in which other partys of the blood are suspended.
question
Hemoglobin
answer
The oxygen carring protein in blood
question
platelets
answer
Types of cells in the blood that caause blood clots to form.
question
Capillaries
answer
Small vessels that carry blood from arterioles and to small vessels called venules.
question
Lymph
answer
The clear fluid that fills the spaces around the body cells.
question
Pathogen
answer
A microscopic organism that causes disease.
question
Blood pressure
answer
A measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of the blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body.
question
Noncomunnicable disease
answer
A disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the enviorment.
question
Cardiovascular disease
answer
A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.
question
Hypertension
answer
High blood pressure
question
Atherosclerosis
answer
A disease characterized by the accumulation of plaque on the artery walls.
question
Atheriosclerosis
answer
Hardened arteries with reduced artery walls.
question
Angina Pectoris
answer
Chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen.
question
Arrythmias
answer
Irregular heartbeats
question
Stroke
answer
An acute injury in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted.
question
Cartilage
answer
A strong, flexible connective tissue.
question
Ossification
answer
The process by which bone iss formed, renewed, and repaired.
question
Ligament
answer
A band of fibrous , slightly elastic connectivetissue that attaches one bone to another.
question
Tendon
answer
Fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.
question
Smooth muscles
answer
Muscles that act on the lining of the bodies passageways and hollow internal organs.
question
Skeletal muscles
answer
Muscles attached to bone that cuasebody movements.
question
Flexor
answer
The muscle that closes a joint.
question
Extensor
answer
Muscle that opens a joint.
question
Cardiac muscle
answer
A type of straited muscle that forms the wall of the heart.
question
Tendonitis
answer
The inflammation of a tendon.
question
Hernia
answer
Occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of a weak muscle.
question
Neurons
answer
Nerve cells (trans mit messages to and frm the spinal cord and the brain)
question
Cerebrum
answer
The largest and most complex part of the brain.
question
Brainstem
answer
3-inch long stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain.
question
Epilepsy
answer
A disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by recurrent seizures- sudden episoeds of uncontrol electrical activity in the brain.
question
Cerebral palsy
answer
A group of neurological disorders that are the result of damage to the brain before, during, and after birth or in early childhood.
question
Cerebellum
answer
The second largest part of the brain
question
Metabolism
answer
The proccess by which the body breaks down substances and gets energy from food.
question
Body mass index
answer
A measure of body weight relative to height.
question
Overweight
answer
Heavier than standard weight range of your height.
question
underweight
answer
Below the standard weight range for your height.
question
Body image
answer
The way you see your body.
question
Fad diets
answer
Weight loss plans that tend to be popular for only a short time.
question
Weight Cycling
answer
A repeated pattrern of loosing and remaining body weight.
question
Eating disorders
answer
Exreme, harmful eating behaviors that csn cause serious illness or even death.
question
Anorexia Nervosa
answer
An eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves.
question
Bulimia Nervosa
answer
An eating disorder that involves cycles of overeating and purging, or attempts to rid tyhe body of food.
question
Binge Eating Disorder
answer
An eating disorder in which overeat completely.
question
Vegeterian
answer
A person who eats mostly or only plant based foods.
question
Dietary supplements
answer
Products that supply one or more nutrients as a supplement to, not a substince for, healthyful foods.
question
Performance Enhancers
answer
Substances that boost athletic ability.
question
Herbal supplements
answer
Dietary supplements containing plant abstracts.
question
Meghadoses
answer
Very large amounts of any supplement that can be dangerous.
question
Nutrition
answer
The proccess by which your body takes in and uses food.
question
Nutrients
answer
Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply with energy.
question
Calorie
answer
A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it recieves from food.
question
Hunger
answer
The natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food.
question
Appetite
answer
The psychological desire for food.
question
Carbohydrates
answer
Starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body's main source of energy.
question
Fiber
answer
A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest.
question
Proteins
answer
Nutrienrs the body uses to build and maintain it's cells and tissues
question
Cholesterol
answer
A waxy, fatlike substance
question
Vitamins
answer
Compounds found in food that help regulate many body processes.
question
Osteoporosis
answer
A condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily.
question
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
answer
A set of recomendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans
question
MyPyramid
answer
An interactive guide to healthful eating and active living.
question
Nutrient-Dense
answer
Have a high ration of nutrients to calories.
question
Food Additives
answer
Substances added to a food to produce a desired effect.
question
Foodbourne illness
answer
Food poisoning
question
Pasterization
answer
Treating a substance with heat to kill or sloww the growth of pathogens.
question
Cross-contamination
answer
The spreading of pathogens from one food to another.
question
Food Allergy
answer
A condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in some foods.
question
Food Intolerance
answer
A negative reaction to food that doesn't involve the immune system.
question
Health
answer
The combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well being.
question
Spiritual health
answer
A deep seated sense of meaning and purpose in life.
question
Wellness
answer
An overall state of well being or total health.
question
Chronic Disease
answer
An ongoing condition or illness (ex. heart disease, obesity, and cancer).
question
Heredity
answer
All the traits that were biologically passed on to you from your parents.
question
Enviorment
answer
The Sum of Your surroundings.
question
Peers
answer
People of the same age who sharte similar interests
question
Culture
answer
The collective beliefs, customs, and behaviors of a group.
question
Media
answer
Various methods for communicating information.
question
Technology
answer
Content that is delivered, such as radio, television, and the internet.
question
Risk behaviors
answer
Actions that can potentially threaten your health or the health of others.
question
Cumulative risks
answer
Related risks that increase in effect with each added risk.
question
Abstinence
answer
A deliberate decision to avoid high risk behaviors, including sexual activity and use of tobacco, and other drugs
question
LIfe style factors
answer
Personal habits or behaviors related to the way a person lives.
question
Health education
answer
Providing accurate health information and teaching health skills to help people make healthy decisions
question
Healthy people
answer
A nationwide health promotion improving the health of all people in the united states.
question
Health disparities
answer
Differences in health outcomes among groups
question
Health literacy
answer
A persons capacity to learn about and to use these resources to promote ones health and wellness.
question
Health skills
answer
Specific tools and strategies to maintain, protect, and improve all aspects of your health
question
Interpersonal communication
answer
The exchange of thoughts, feelings, and beliefs between 2 or more people
question
Refusal skills
answer
Communication strategies that can help you say no when you are urged to tske part in behaviors that are unsafe or unhealthful.
question
Conflict resolution
answer
Process of ending a conflict through cooperation and problem problem solving.
question
Stress
answer
The reaction of the body and the mind to everyday challenges and demands.
question
Stress management skills
answer
Skills that help you reduce and manage stress in your life.
question
Advocacy
answer
Taking action to influence others to address a health related concern or to support a health related belief.
question
Values
answer
The ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live.
question
Decision making skills
answer
Steps that enable you to make a healthyful decision.
question
goals
answer
Those things you aim for that take planning and work.
question
Short term goal
answer
goal that you camn reach in a short period of time
question
Long term goal
answer
A goal that you plan to reach over an exended period of time.
question
Action plan
answer
Multistep strategy to identify and achieve your goals.
question
Health consumer
answer
Someone who purchases or uses health poducts or services.
question
Advertising
answer
A written or spoken media message to interest consumers in purching a product or service.
question
Comparision shopping
answer
Judging the benefits of different products by comparing several factors such as quality, features, and cost.
question
Warranty
answer
A company's or stores ritten agreemewnt to repair a product or refund your money if the product doesn't funtion properly.
question
Customer advocates
answer
People or groups whose sole purpose is to take on regional, and even international consumer issues.
question
Malpractice
answer
Failure by a heealth professional to meet accepted standards.
question
Health fraud
answer
The sale of worthless products or services that claim to prevent disease or cure other health problems.
question
Primery care physician
answer
A medical doctor who provides physical checkups and general care.
question
Health care system
answer
All the medical care available to a nations people, the way they recieve care, and the way they pay for it.
question
Specialists
answer
Medical doctors who focus on particular kinds of patienrts or on particular medical conditions.
question
Medical history
answer
Complete and comprehensive information about your immunizations and any health problems you have had to date.
question
Health insurance
answer
Private and government programs that pay for part or all of a person's medical costs.
question
Public health
answer
all efforts to monitor, protect, and promote the health of thee population as a whole.
question
Air pollution
answer
The contamination of the earth's atmosphere by harmful substances
question
Air Quality Index (AQI)
answer
An index for reporting daily air quality.
question
Greenhouse effect
answer
The trapping of heat by gases in the earth's atmosphere.
question
Global warning
answer
An overal increase in the earth's temperature.
question
noise pollution
answer
Harmful, unwanted sound loud enough to damage hearing.
question
Decibel
answer
A unit that measures the intensity of sound.
question
Biodegradable
answer
Able to be broken down by microorganisms in the enviorment.
question
Hazardous wastes
answer
Waste materials with properties that make them dangerus to human health or the enviorment.
question
Landfill
answer
A specially engineered area where waste can be buried safely
question
Deforestation
answer
Destruction of forests.
question
Urban sprawl
answer
The spreading of city development (houses, shopping centers, businesses, and schools).
question
Wastewater
answer
Used water from homes, communities, farms, and businesses.
question
Conservation
answer
Avoiding waste through careful management of material resources.
question
Precycling
answer
Reducing waste before it is generated.
