Head and Neck Anatomy Session 6 7.14 Paralingual Space and Tongue Slides – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
What does the carotid triangle contain?
answer
The carotid sheath, CN X, XI, XII, various smaller arteries from the external carotid artery, and various veins draining into the internal jugular vein.
question
What does the digastric muscles serve to do?
answer
-elevate the hyoid bone -depress the mandible
question
What is the anterior belly of the digastric muscle efferently innervated by?
answer
the motor fibers of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) by way of the mylohyoid nerve
question
What does the stylohyoid muscle serve to do?
answer
Elevates and retracts the hyoid bone
question
What nerve serves the stylohyoid muscle and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
answer
Efferently innervated by the motor fibers of the facial nerve
question
Innervation of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
answer
CN VII
question
Innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
answer
V3
question
Why is their a dual innervation in the digastric bellies?
answer
they were formed from mesenchyme originating from the first two pharyngeal arches.
question
What boundary does the digastric bellies mark?
answer
the submandibular and sublingual triangles
question
What are the most important structures found in the submandibular triangle?
answer
the submandibular gland and the facial artery and vein
question
What else is contained in the submandibular triangle? (nerves)
answer
mylohyoid nerve and the hypoglossal nerve
question
What are the "major salivary glands"?
answer
submandibular glands
question
What are the submandibular glands innervated by?
answer
by the parasympathetic fibers that originated from the facial nerve and traveled to the submandibular ganglion via the chorda tympani nerve
question
What kind of salivary glands are the submandibular and sublingual glands?
answer
They are mixed glands that produce serous and mucinous. Submandibular gland is mainly serous while the sublingual is mainly mucinous.
question
What type of salivary gland is the parotid gland?
answer
serous
question
Where does the mylohyoid originate and insert?
answer
Originates at the mylohyoid line of the mandible and inserts onto the midline raphe as well as the body of the hyoid bone.
question
What does the mylohyoid act to do?
answer
elevate both the hyoid bone and the tongue. it also depresses the mandible.
question
What is the mylohyoid efferently innervated by?
answer
The mylohyoid nerve which is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve which is itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
question
What is the mylohyoid embryologically derived from?
answer
the second pharyngeal arch
question
What does the mylohyoid line separate?
answer
the paralingual space and the submandibular space
question
Where does the hyoglossus originate from and insert?
answer
Originates from the hyoid bone and inserts into the substance of the tongue by intermingling with its intrinsic fibers.
question
What does the hyoglossus act to do?
answer
to depress and retract the tongue
question
What is the hyoglossus efferently served by?
answer
efferently served by the hypoglossal nerve
question
Why is the hyoglossus muscle considered an important landmark?
answer
it is considered an extrinsic muscle of the tongue and is an important landmark at the posterior aspect of the paralingual space.
question
Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate and insert?
answer
originates from the mental spines of the mandible and inserts into the body of the hyoid bone.
question
What does the geniohyoid muscle act to do?
answer
acts to elevate the hyoid bone and to depress the mandible
question
What is the geniohyoid muscle efferently served by?
answer
innervated by C1 ventral primary ramus fibers traveling with the hypoglossal nerve
question
What type of fibers do the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles receive?
answer
ansa cervicalis fibers that travel with the hypoglossal nerve
question
What are most extrinsic muscles of the tongue efferently served by and what is the exception?
answer
the hypoglossal nerve and the exception is that platoglossus is innervated by the vagus nerve.
question
Where does the genioglossus muscle originate and insert?
answer
it inserts into the tongue and originates from the mental spine of the mandible
question
what does the genioglossus act to do?
answer
protrude and depress the tongue
question
What is the genioglossus efferently innervated by?
answer
the hypoglossal nerve
question
What are the three muscles that originate from the styloid process and what are they efferently innervated by?
answer
stylohyoid-facial nerve stylopharngeus-glossopharyngeal nerve styloglossus-hypoglossus nerve
question
What nerve is the submandibular ganglion attached to?
answer
lingual nerve
question
What branch is the lingual nerve apart of and what does it do?
answer
A branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and it carries sensory information back to the brain from the oral cavity
question
What is the chorda tympani nerve a branch of and what does it carry?
answer
a branch of the facial nerve carrying both autonomic preganglionic fibers to the submandibular ganglion as well as sensory information back to the brain from the tongue ("special afferent" information which is specifically taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue)
question
What nerve does the chorda tympani hitch a ride with and where does it exit the skull?
answer
It hitches a ride with the lingual nerve after it exits the skull via petrotymanic fissure at the posterior aspect of the mandibular fossa.
question
What do the autonomic fibers from the facial nerve innervate?
answer
They innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands passing through the submandibular ganglion.
question
What does the submandibular duct empty its contents into?
answer
sublingual caruncle
question
What three things can be found above the hyoglossus muscle?
answer
lingual nerve, hypoglossal nerve, and the submandibular duct
question
What can be found below the hyoglossus muscle?
answer
lingual artery
question
What is the role of the epiglottis?
answer
Its functional role is to "flap" posteriorly over the opening of the airway when food is being swallowed
question
What is the space between the tongue base and epiglottis?
answer
vallecula
question
What forms the "floor of the mouth"?
answer
mylohyoid muscle
question
What is found between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles?
answer
lingual nerve, hypoglossal nerve, and vena comitans
question
Where does the lingual nerve travel?
answer
along the medial border of the mandible and acting as a "sling" deep to the submandibular duct as it travels lateral to medial
question
Where can infections and other pathologies set up shop within the head and neck?
answer
submandibular space and paralingual space
question
Ludwig's Angina
answer
a bacterial infection of the floor of the mouth inferior to the tongue base.
question
What provides the general sensation to the anterior tongue?
answer
lingual nerve from V3
question
What provides the general sensation to the posterior tongue?
answer
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
question
What carries the sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
answer
chorda tympani from CN VII
question
What carries the sense of taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
answer
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
question
What cranial nerve serves the base of the tongue with a small amount of scattered taste fibers?
answer
Vagus nerve (CN X)
question
What gives the tongue movement?
answer
vagus nerve and the hypoglossal nerve (CN X and XII)
question
What drains the base of the tongue?
answer
vena comitans
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New