HEA 191 Chapter 6 Flashcards
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What does successful management of body composition require?
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Long-term, consistent coordination of many aspects of a wellness program
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Why do women have a higher proportion of essential fat than men?
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Women have essential deposited in the breasts, uterus, and other sex specific sites
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Which is a definition of essential fat?
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Fat incorporated into the organs and tissues
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Upon which do height and weight tables rely?
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Insurance company mortality statistics
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What is the approximate percentage of Americans classified as obese?
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30%
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What is one possible explanation for the increase in obesity among Americans over the past 40 years?
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Increased portion sizes
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What condition do obese people develop at three times the rate of non-obese people?
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Diabetes
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Which is a symptom of metabolic syndrome?
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Resistance to the effects of insulin
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For which group of people does metabolic syndrome increase the risk of heart disease?
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Men and women
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Since 1970, how much has the daily caloric intake among Americans risen?
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500 calories
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Which is true about type 1 diabetes?
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It accounts for 5% to 10% of all cases of diabetes
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Which factor can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes?
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Age
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Which is true for type 2 diabetes?
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It is best prevented through a healthy diet and regular physical activity
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Which lifestyle change can benefit a person with diabetes?
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Increasing daily physical activity
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People who gain weight in which body area are at greater risk for early onset heart disease?
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Abdomen
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Which condition are people who tend to gain weight in the abdominal area at a greater risk for developing?
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Diabetes
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What level of body fat in women may signal amenorrhea and loss of body mass?
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8-12%
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What level of body fat in a man may signal muscle wasting and fatigue?
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3-5%
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What makes up the condition called the "female athlete triad"?
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Abnormal eating patterns, premature osteoporosis, and amenorrhea
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Which technique for evaluating health risks associated with body weight is based on the concept that a person's weight should be proportional to his or her height?
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Body mass index
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What BMI range is considered healthy according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO)?
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Between 18.5 and 24.9
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For which condition does a BMI value of 17.5 or less become a diagnostic criterion?
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Anorexia nervosa
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How is a person with a body mass index of 26.5 classified?
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Overweight
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How is a person with a body mass index of 31.2 classified?
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Obese
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What is the error range for skin-fold measurements?
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+/- 4%
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Hydrostatic weighing uses which statistic to predict the percentage of body fat?
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Body density
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Which statement about skin-fold measurements is true?
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They are a practical way to assess body composition
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Which approach helps avoid errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis?
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Avoiding under hydration prior to the measurement
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Which method of body composition assessment involves passing the body through a magnetic field?
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TOBEC
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Which association is accurate for people with a waist-to-hip ratio above 1.0?
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Associated with a significantly increased risk of disease
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Essential body fat is located just below the skin
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False
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Men have a higher percentage of essential fat than women
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False
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Most of the fat in the body is stored in fat cells called adipose tissue
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True
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Body fat located under the skin is called subcutaneous fat
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True
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Body fat located under the skin is called intra-abdominal fat
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False
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Regular physical activity and exercise have no effect on many of the destructive effects of obesity
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False
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Two people of the same body weight may have different values of percent body fat
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True
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For a person who is overweight, increasing physical activity can benefit health even if it doesn't result in a change in body weight or percent body fat
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True
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Fifty percent of Americans are obese
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False
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Nearly 90% of type 2 diabetes cases are preventable with healthy lifestyle choices
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True
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The cause of type 2 diabetes is that the pancreas produces little or no insulin
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False
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The majority of people with pre-diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes unless they make lifestyle changes
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True
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For people with pre-diabetes, lifestyle measures are more effective medication for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes
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True
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People who tend to gain weight in the hip area have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease wham do people who gain weight in the abdominal area
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False
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A women with approximately 22% of total body weight as fat is at risk of amenorrhea and loss of bone mass
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False
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Prolonged amenorrhea can lead to osteoporosis
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True
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Body mass index is a measure of a person's percentage of body fat
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False
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A body max index of 28.5 is classified as normal weight
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False
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Muscle mass has a higher density than fat mass
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True
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The Bod Pod estimates percent body fat through water displacement
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False
