HE10: Transcendentalism
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1800s / 19th century
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Transcendentalism Time Period
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Romanticism
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Where did transcendentalism come from?
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Truth
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Transcendentalism is a search for
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Lyceum
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Educational speech / presentation
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Going past the 6th grade
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Higher Education
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Social: Utopian Societies Personal: Spiritual - Personal Perfection
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Desired Perfection: Social: Personal:
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Divine Over-Soul (God)
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Everything is a reflection of the
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The spiritual world
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Physical facts of the natural world are a doorway to
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Nature or their own souls
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People can use their intuition to behold God's Spirit revealed in
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Self-reliance & individualism
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Must out weigh external authority and blind conformity
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Spontaneous Feelings & Intuition
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Superior to education and logic
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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First Transcendentalist
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Poor but cultured Father: Minister - Dies when RWE was 8 Mother: Opened a boarding house to support her 6 kids Aunt: Mary Moody Emerson - moved in & took disciplinary role
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Ralph Waldo Emerson's Family
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Harvard
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Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson study?
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1. His uncle's school 2. Boston's 2nd school (1829) 3. Resigned to tour Europe (1832) 4. Joined Lyceum Circuit (1833)
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Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson work?
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1. Married Ellen Tucker at age 17 - they were married for 17 months before she died of Tuberculosis (1829) 2. Married Lydia Jackson (1833)
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Ralph Waldo Emerson: Marriage Life
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The American Scholar
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Speech by Ralph Waldo Emerson - Speech given at Harvard in 1837
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The Divinity School Address
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Speech by Ralph Waldo Emerson - can't receive truth second hand He wasn't invited back to speak at Harvard again
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Author of Nature
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Little Women
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Louisa May Alcott wrote
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Little House on the Prairie
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Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote
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Moby Dick
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Herman Melville wrote (Anti-Transcendentalism)
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The Scarlet Letter
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Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote (Anti-Transcendentalism)
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The Raven
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Edgar Allen Poe wrote (Anti-Transcendentalism)
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Utopia
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Imagined state where everything is perfect First used by Sir Thomas More
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Aphorism
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Short statements that express wise or clever observations about life
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Humanism
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An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to humans rather than divine or supernatural matters.
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Harvard
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Where did Henry David Thoreau go to college?
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2 weeks He wouldn't use corporal punishment
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How long did Henry David Thoreau last as a school teacher? Why?
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Massachusetts
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Where did Thoreau and Emerson live?
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Henry David Thoreau
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Hard to get along with - Defiant
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On Emerson's property by Walden Pond
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Where was Thoreau's cabin?
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No he quit to seek a life of truth
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Does Thoreau have a productive/steady job?
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Secluded 10 ft x 15 ft Bare minimum - Brick Fireplace, Closet, 2 Windows, attic, Bed, Desk, 3 Chairs $28.125
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Describe Thoreau's cabin (dimensions, cost, furnishings)
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1. Solitude 2. Friendship 3. Society
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What do Thoreau's 3 chairs symbolize?
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Building a house because it is an instinct to seek shelter You won't build more than you need and you'll really appreciate it
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What does Thoreau say is the simplest and most natural activity of man? Why?
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Your physical closeness to a person doesn't really matter as long as your minds are close
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What does Thoreau say about the distance between people?
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He works on them from 5 AM to Noon
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What does Thoreau do that causes him to become emotionally connected to his bean fields?
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War - Adversaries
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What did the weeds symbolize?
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Ants = War The ants are fighting War is a part of life but it's pointless Everyone uses their own strengths to fight Red and Black ants - 2 red for every black Struggles against man
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How does Thoreau personify the ants?
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He would paddle out on his pond everyday and the loon would dive and Thoreau would try to guess where the loon would resurface The irony is that the loon is unpredictable and part of transcendentalism is using your intuition
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What game does Thoreau play with the loon? What is Ironic about this?
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He had more to do outside of his cabin
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Why does he decide to leave his cabin?
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Self-Reliance
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"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds."
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature He can see nature and people can see it in him In our insignificance we become a part of God
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"I become a transparent eyeball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God."
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Henry David Thoreau Walden
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"Simplify. Simplify."
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Self-Reliance
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"Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist."
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Henry David Thoreau Resistance to Civil Government
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"The people must have some complicated machinery or other, and here its din, to satisfy that idea of government which they have."
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Henry David Thoreau Resistance to Civil Government His new perception on his old village
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"It was like traveling into a far country, such as I had never expected to behold, to lie there for one night. It seemed to me that I never heard the town-clock strike before, nor the evening sounds of the village"
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature The stars aren't any less beautiful even though they are present every night
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If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; ... But every night come out these envoys of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.
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Henry David Thoreau Walden
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"I began to occupy my house on the 4th of July, as soon as it was boarded and roofed."
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Self-Reliance
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"Trust thyself."
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature
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"To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary while I read and write, though nobody is with me.
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Live Deliberately Henry David Thoreau Walden
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"I went to the woods because I wished to ___ ___, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach."
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Henry David Thoreau Resistance to Civil Government Allusion to Jeffersonian Democracy
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"I heartily accept that motto - 'That government is best which governs least."
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Henry David Thoreau Walden
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"They struggled half an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies."
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Henry David Thoreau Walden
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"I was endeavoring to divine his though in mine. It was a pretty game, played in the smooth surface of the pond."
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He would not pay his taxes because they were going to pay for the war
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Why did Thoreau go to jail?
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He looks at it differently than he has all his life New perspective Uses other senses than he has before
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How does he describe the village from his perspective?
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A man who burnt down a barn He thinks this guy is misunderstood, poorly educated, and honest
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Who is there with him? What kind of fellow does Thoreau judge him to be?
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His friends pay his taxes for him He doesn't like that his friends paid the taxes for him
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Why is Thoreau released? How does he feel about that?
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Picks up where he left off - he goes to get his shoes fixed (the errand he was on when arrested) Then he goes to a Huckleberry Party with his friends
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What does Thoreau do when he is released?
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Be an individual - Take charge - Do the right thing
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What's the lesson through this story?
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Henry David Thoreau
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Walden Author
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Henry David Thoreau
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Resistance to Civil Government Author
