question

Middle adulthood begins around age _______ and ends around age _______.

answer

40; 65

question

During midlife, most adults begin to

answer

experience life-threatening health episodes if not in themselves, then in their partners and friends.

question

Cheryl, age 48, is having difficulty reading small print. Like most middle-aged adults, Cheryls eyes are rapidly becoming

answer

more farsighted.

question

Around age 60, Alexs lens entirely lost its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances. Alex has a condition called

answer

presbyopia.

question

Jennifer had always enjoyed driving at night, but now, at age 55, she sometimes has trouble making out signs and moving objects. Her vision is also disrupted by the headlights of oncoming cars. Jennifer is experiencing

answer

the development of opaque areas in the vitreous.

question

Yellowing of the lens and increasing density of the vitreous causes ________ and ________.

answer

increased sensitivity to lights; limits color discrimination

question

Patsy is experiencing a buildup of pressure in her eye due to poor fluid drainage. This pressure, left untreated, can damage her optic nerve and is a leading cause of blindness. Patsy has

answer

glaucoma.

question

Michael, age 50, has noticed a hearing loss, especially at high frequencies. He feels that his hearing is not as sharp as it once was. Michael probably has a condition called

answer

presbycusis.

question

Which of the following is true about age-related hearing loss?

answer

African tribal people display little age-related hearing loss.

question

As adults age, the skin

answer

loses elasticity and begins to sag.

question

Which layer of the skin gives it flexibility?

answer

dermis

question

Kyle, age 52, has collections of pigment under his skin, especially on his face and hands. Kyle has developed

answer

age spots.

question

Molly, age 25, wants to avoid premature aging of her skin. Which preventive measure will have the greatest impact?

answer

using proper skin protection or avoiding the sun

question

Womens skin ages more quickly than mens because

answer

the dermis of women is not as thick as that of men.

question

An increase in body fat is common in middle adulthood. The rise in fat largely affects the

answer

torso.

question

Thomas is approaching 50. He can anticipate an accumulation of fat in which areas of his body?

answer

back and upper abdomen

question

With age, John should gradually __________ to adjust for the age-related decline in basal metabolic rate.

answer

reduce caloric intake

question

Donna, who has engaged in little exercise in the past decade, wants to offset both the excess weight and muscle loss of middle adulthood. She should engage in

answer

weight-bearing exercise that includes resistance training.

question

Reduction in bone density during adulthood is

answer

substantial.

question

Which of the following is true about loss of bone strength in middle adulthood?

answer

Loss of bone strength causes the disks of the spinal column to collapse.

question

Karla, age 60, has a debilitating disorder involving a great loss of bone strength. Karla suffers from

answer

osteoporosis.

question

Mr. Chamberlain is 53. According to his doctor, Mr. Chamberlains fertility has diminished but is retained. Mr. Chamberlain has reached the midlife reproductive transition called

answer

the climacteric.

question

The changes involved in womens climacteric occur gradually over a 10-year period, during which

answer

the production of estrogen drops.

question

Women who ____________ tend to reach menopause earlier.

answer

have not borne children

question

Research has shown that dietary calorie restriction in nonhumans

answer

slows aging.

question

Which of the following is a benefit of calorie restriction?

answer

an inhibited production of free radicals

question

Because very few people would be willing to maintain a drastically reduced diet for most of their lifespan, scientists have begun to explore ___________________ that might yield the same benefits as calorie restriction, without dieting.

answer

calorie-restriction mimetics

question

enopause may impact a womans sex life because

answer

er genitals are less easily stimulated and her vagina lubricates more slowly during arousal.

question

Ainsley, who has not had a hysterectomy, is undergoing menopause. Her doctor will probably recommend

answer

hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

question

Which of the following is true about hormone therapy?

answer

It is highly successful at counteracting hot flashes.

question

Hormone replacement therapy

answer

offers some protection against bone deterioration and colon cancer.

question

Which group of women is most likely to experience a positive attitude toward menopause?

answer

Mexican-American women

question

Tony, age 71, married Nichole, age 34. They are not using birth control because of Tonys advanced age. You can advise them that

answer

Tony produces less semen and sperm, which negatively affects fertility, but he can probably still father children.

question

The inability to attain an erection when desired affects about _______ percent of men by age 60.

answer

30

question

As Carlos experiences climacteric, he will

answer

need more stimulation to achieve an erection.

question

Among the middle-aged adults who rate their health unfavorably,

answer

men are more likely to suffer from fatal illnesses.

question

Which of the following is true about sexuality in middle adulthood?

answer

The best predictor of sexual frequency is marital happiness.

question

Keith and Nicole have been married for 23 years. They view each others aging bodies with acceptance and affection. Their sex life is an important component of their relationship. Their sex life is likely to become ____________ in midlife.

answer

more spontaneous

question

The leading causes of death in middle age are ____________ and _____________.

answer

cancer; cardiovascular disease

question

From early to middle adulthood, the death rate due to cancer

answer

multiplies tenfold.

question

A cells normal genetic programming has been disrupted in Loiss body, causing uncontrolled growth and crowding out of normal cells. Lois has

answer

cancer.

question

Cancer death rates _________ sharply as __________ decreases.

answer

increase; SES

question

Susan's mother died of breast cancer at age 28. Through genetic screening, Susan discovers she has a BRCA1 mutation. What are Susan's chances of developing breast cancer?

answer

35 to 50 percent

question

___________ cancer is the leading malignancy for men.

answer

Prostate

question

Merrill has a buildup of plaque in his coronary arteries that encircle his heart and provide its muscles with oxygen and nutrients. Merrill has

answer

atherosclerosis.

question

The most extreme symptom of cardiovascular disease is

answer

a heart attack.

question

Greta is experiencing an irregular heartbeat. When it persists, it prevents her heart from pumping enough blood and she faints. Greta has

answer

arrhythmia.

question

Frank has intense, crushing pain in his chest. The doctors inform his that his heart is oxygen deprived. Frank has

answer

angina pectoris.

question

Janet has cardiovascular disease. Her doctor detected high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. To relieve arterial blockage, Janet had __________, a procedure in which a surgeon threaded a needle-thin catheter into her arteries and inflated a balloon at its tip.

answer

angioplasty

question

Because men account for over 70 percent of cases of cardiovascular disease in middle adulthood,

answer

doctors are far less likely to suspect heart problems in women.

question

Osteoporosis affects about 10 million American adults, ______ percent of whom are women.

answer

80

question

Which person is the most likely to be affected by osteoporosis?

answer

Jessica, who is thin with a small body frame

question

Mr. Lombardo fell and fractured his hip, and he has since been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Mr. Lombardos doctor probably recommends

answer

weight-bearing exercise.

question

Current evidence pinpoints ___________ as a toxic ingredient of Type A behavior patterns, since isolating it from global Type A consistently predicts heart disease and other health problems in both men and women.

answer

hostility

question

Charlie has frequent angry outbursts. He is rude, disagreeable, critical, and condescending. Charlie exhibits

answer

expressed hostility.

question

The best way for hostile and dominant people to reduce their risk of high blood pressure and heart disease is to

answer

develop effective ways of handling stress and conflict.

question

Suzanne viewed life as fluid. She expected change and accepted it as inevitable. When Suzanne was faced with a problem, she identified it and decided what to do about it. Suzanne used a(n) ____________ coping strategy.

answer

problem-centered

question

Debbie was unhappy at work. Instead of identifying and solving the problem, she internalized it, using private selfcontrol. Debbie used a(n) __________ coping strategy.

answer

emotion-centered

question

Kandilyn is unhappy with all the stressors in her life. The best approach for dealing with her stress is to use

answer

a mixture of problem- and emotion-centered techniques.

question

Teaching people to be _________ rather than hostile and to __________ rather than explode interrupts the intense physiological response that intervenes between psychological stress and illness.

answer

assertive; negotiate

question

Maureen, an overweight 48-year-old, wants to start exercising. The format that will probably work best for her is a

answer

home-based routine planned by a consultant.

question

Wilbur leads a highly stressful life. Nonetheless, he wants to incorporate some exercise into his routine. The format that will probably work best for him is

answer

a group class, which offers a regular schedule.

question

Which of the following people is most likely to cope adaptively with stress brought on by the inevitable changes of life?

answer

Patty, who views change as a challenge

question

Chrissy regards most experiences as controllable. She displays a committed approach to daily activities and views change as a normal part of life and a chance for personal growth. Chrissy fits the pattern of a _________ individual.

answer

hardy

question

High-hardy individuals are likely to

answer

use active, problem-centered coping strategies in situations they can control.

question

Which of the following is true about the double standard of gender and aging?

answer

Men tend to judge aging females more harshly than women do.

question

Some evidence suggests that ___________ contributes to negative judgments of a woman's physical appearance, especially by men.

answer

the end of a woman's ability to bear children

question

The ideal of a(n) __________ woman may be at the heart of the double standard of aging.

answer

young and sexually attractive

question

One criticism of past research on cognitive aging is that it focused on intellectual

answer

deficits.

question

Which of the following is true about cognitive aging research?

answer

Cohort effects are largely responsible for the appearance of age-related intelligence declines in middle adulthood.

question

On intelligence tests, vocabulary, verbal comprehension, and logical reasoning items measure __________ intelligence.

answer

crystallized

question

On intelligence tests, spatial relations, digit span, and letter-number sequencing items measure __________ intelligence.

answer

fluid

question

Which type of intelligence begins to decline in the twenties?

answer

fluid

question

Which type of intelligence increases steadily throughout adulthood?

answer

crystallized

question

Trends in both crystallized and fluid mental abilities reported from the Seattle Longitudinal Study indicate that middleaged adults

answer

are in their prime, not over the hill.

question

Longitudinal research shows that from age 20 on, ___________ decreases steadily.

answer

perceptual speed

question

Late in life, ________ factors show greater decrements than _________ factors.

answer

fluid; crystallized

question

Which of the following is true about changes in mental abilities?

answer

The decrease in basic processing may not be great enough to affect many well-practiced performances until quite late in life.

question

As people discover that they are no longer as good as they once were at certain tasks, they accommodate, shifting to activities that depend

answer

HDFS 2400 – Chapter 15 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards