question

Many early childhood programs have their roots in the humanistic approach to education. This approach reflects the viewpoint that the humanities (art, music, literature) should be emphasized during the early years

answer

T

question

John Locke is credited with the concept of tabula rasa, the idea that the child enters this world with a mind that is like a blank slate, open to receiving knowledge through the senses

answer

T

question

The term kindergarten compares schools for young children to a garden for flowers. It envisions it as a place where children can flourish, nurtured and protected from outside influences.

answer

T

question

Robert Owns was a popular activist who launched the War Against Poverty in the 1960s.

answer

F

question

A typical day in a High/Scope classroom follows a three-step process called "plan-do-review." Teachers let children know the lessons planned for the day, facilitate them in completing tasks, and review what was learned at the end of each work period.

answer

T

question

The founders of the Bank Street approach believe the classroom must allow children to participate in a social experience that reflects life in a democratic community.

answer

T

question

In the Reggio approach, the environment is seen as the "third teacher"

answer

T

question

The first early childhood education and care settings in the US were initiated by philanthropists to come to the aid of poor working women who needed safe care for their children.

answer

F

question

Head Start was designed to provide work for teachers during the Great Depression.

answer

F

question

One of the criticisms of Waldorf education is the use of fairy tales about giants and gnomes as part of their curriculum.

answer

T

question

Early education and care today grew out of two traditions, The Nursery School with a health and safety focus and the child or day care focus, where children were cared for while their families worked.

answer

F

question

Respect for children and their development has not always been a part of early childhood education.

answer

F

question

Research on the impact of hereditary (nature) and environment (nurture) factors concludes that of these, the environment exerts a greater influence on how individuals develop.

answer

F

question

Chess and Thomas's studies of temperament conclude that a child's characteristic ways of responding tend to be relatively stable after the child reaches 2 years of age.

answer

F

question

Studies on attachment, including a study of young children in Romanian orphanages, point to the vital importance of warm and nurturing relationships between children and caregivers.

answer

T

question

Developmental norms are useless and outdated since every child is an individual and progresses through stages of development in a unique and individual manner.

answer

F

question

Erikson is the theorist whose observations and study led to an understanding of how children construct their own knowledge.

answer

F

question

Bronfenbrenner is the theorist who described systems social and cultural (ecological) contexts that influence development.

answer

T

question

The Sociocultural Theory points out that concepts and language are developed when children interact with others so teachers must be skilled in facilitating children's play.

answer

T

question

During the stage of trust vs. mistrust, the child's primary task is to develop a sense of the world as a safe and good place where they can depend on others and themselves.

answer

T

question

The Ecological Systems Theory supports the idea of basing curriculum for young children on significant aspects of the child's family, community, and culture.

answer

T

question

The whole child approach to child development is supported by current brain research.

answer

T

question

Sharing info with families about children's successes and achievements can help families have appropriate expectations for their child's development.

answer

T

question

Rhythmicity refers to the temperament characteristic of regular cycles of hunger, excretion, sleep and wakefulness.

answer

T

question

One theory of child development and learning has been proven to apply to all children.

answer

F

question

Robert Owens' practices influenced educators to see the relationship between education and societal improvements.

answer

T

question

The first educator to believe that children learn best from play was Jean Piaget.

answer

T

question

Rote learning exercises were essential part of classroom work in Dewey's school.

answer

F

question

Piaget believed that children learn differently than adults.

answer

T

question

The most common form of child care used by American families today is care by family members, relatives, and friends.

answer

T

question

Quality environments for young children encourage independence and exploration-type learning.

answer

T

question

Montesorri education today is reserved for elite private schools with high education.

answer

F

question

The Project Approach can be and is used in any type of early childhood program, regardless of its name.

answer

T

question

There are fewer dual-income families and working single mothers than in the past.

answer

F

question

The greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato believed a. play was a necessary and appropriate way for young children to learn b. humans were essentially bad with good developed by education c. training in grammar was important for children under 7 d. there was no need to begin education in early childhood

answer

a

question

Religious reformer Martin Luther was a strong advocate of a. sequenced materials to develop the intellect b. universal education c. child labor laws d. raising children out of contact with corrupt society

answer

b

question

One idea that Comenius contributed to early childhood education was a. that birth to age 6 is one of the highest importance for human dev. and learning will occur spontaneously through play b. that people are inherently evil but can be trained to be good through the rigorous application of scientific approaches to education c. all people deserve education, but education corrupts, so children need to be sheltered from education as long as possible d. that education for children older than 6 had the greatest impact on their development and learning

answer

a

question

Rousseau was an early proponent of a. the "school of the mother's knee" in which the mother attends to her child's physical needs and encourages play b. orphanage reform and the establishment of a public school system c. a developmental view of learning which includes children learning through play, free of adult interference d. using sequenced materials to help children learn

answer

c

question

Which is true of Johann Pestalozzi? a. he believed that the first year of life was the most important and education should be adapted to each child's interests, abilities, and stage of development b. he was an Italian physician who worked on behalf of children who were retarted c. he advocated the practice of memorization and rejected sensory exploration and observation because it failed to work for his son d. he way an early advocate of public school education fro young children

answer

a

question

Frederich Froebel was a. the father of the modern-day kindergarten and the first to propose training young women to become kindergarten teachers. b. a fighter in the War Against Poverty in the 1960s. c. the German philosopher, scientist, and educator who created Waldorf education d. was the creator of the movement known as progressive education

answer

a

question

The first nursery school was created in response to a. health problems of children in poorer communities b. the unmet needs of children who were developmentally delayed c. the research of Jean Piaget d. WWII

answer

a

question

The National Association for Nursery Education (NANE) founded in 1926, was the first professional organization for nursery educators. The later evolved to become the a. Developmental Interaction Association (DIA) b. Association for Childhood Education International (ACEI) c. Southern Early Childhood Association (SECA) d. National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)

answer

d

question

Progressive education was a reaction against traditional forms of public schooling. Its proponents advocated greater freedom and spontaneity in play and involvement of children in the social life of the classroom. One of the leaders of this movement was a. Robert Owen b. Maria Montessori c. John Dewey d. Margaret McMillan

answer

c

question

The educational approach in which social studies and learning trips form core of the curriculum is a. The Bank Street or Developmental Interaction Approach b. the High/Scope approach c. the Montessori method d. the Waldorf methody

answer

b

question

Montessori began her work in early education because of a. an interest in children with serious cognitive delays b. a concern about the poverty of children in factories c. her inability to get a job in the medical profession d. an interest in building early literacy skills

answer

a

question

The Reggio Emilia approach is known for promoting the intellectual development of children through the systematic focus on symbolic representation. Children in Reggio Emilia schools are encouraged to a. develop their senses and explore concepts through the use of didactic materials b. participate in "key experiences" to help them acquire mathematical concepts c. engage in many modes of expressing their understanding through "The Hundred Languages of Children" d. use of materials specifically designed for this appraoch to learning

answer

c

question

Historically, child care in the US a. represents the attitude that government must oversee the needs of children b. has been seen as a temporary response to families in need of aid c. is clear and uniform d. has been viewed as a basic service that government should provide

answer

b

question

There was a great upsurge in federal sponsorship of child care during the a. 1920s b. 1930s c. 1940s d. 1950s

answer

c

question

The term "Head Start" has become synonymous with a. preschool programs for low income children b. full-day child care for all children c. parents of poor children being inappropriate role models d. all children, regardless of disabilities or delays, being entitled to a free and appropriate educational experience

answer

a

question

Developmentally appropriate programs are based on a. what early childhood educators have identified as important for children to understand and be able to do b. curriculum guides that programs purchase c. what is known about how children develop and learn; individual differences between children; and qualities of their families and culture d. the understanding that of all developmental domains, cognitive development is the most imporant for later success

answer

c

question

4 year old Gabriella is playing in the sand and dumps it in a pail (Physical development), then fills 3 smaller containers from the pail and says she is measuring flour for a cake (cognitive). Mitzu is near and Gabriella asks her to play (social). This is an example of which of the following principles of development? a. Development occurs in a relatively orderly sequence, with later abilities, skills and knowledge building on those already acquired b. Development proceeds at varying rates from child to child as well as unevenly within different areas of each child's functioning c. the child develops as a whole. Physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development are interconnected and influence one another

answer

c

question

A pattern or principle of development in which the large muscles closest to the center of the body grow and develop before the small muscles of the hands and fingers is the a. proximodistal pattern b. sequential pattern c. cephalocaudal pattern d. orderly coodination pattern

answer

a

question

Strategies to help families have appropriate expectations for their child's development include all of the following EXCEPT: a. explaining the importance of children's actions b. reminding families that every child develops at his or her own individual rate c. documenting children's work d. sharing the child's developmental delays

answer

d

question

Drew and Isaac are both healthy 1 yr olds, born within a few days of each other. Drew has been walking since 10 months, and Isaac just took his first steps. This is an illustration of a. the importance of meeting the basic needs of each child b. the child striving for autonomy c. the developmental principle that rates of development vary d. the proximodistal principle of development

answer

c

question

Janna is a 5yr old who lived with abusive and alcoholic parents in the first 5 yrs of her life. However, she often spent time with a very warm and nurturing aunt and uncle. They later cared for her after she was removed from her parents custody. Despite her early experience, when Janna grew up she became a caring mother and contributing member of the community. Janna is an example of a. a resilient child b. a strong-willed child c. an unfortunate child in need of saving d. an easy child

answer

a

question

Brain research helps us understand the importance of the executive functions of the brain. Executive functions are all of the following EXCEPT: a. a set of mental processes that help people to connect past events and new experiences b. the ability to do mathematical calculations c. neurological development that allows people to plan, organize, pay attention and remember details d. the interplay between social, emotional and intellectual abilities

answer

b

question

The theory of cognitive development which explains how children construct knowledge and understanding of their world by interacting with the people and things in their environment is the a. maturationist theory b. moral development theory c. psychosocial theory d. constuctivist theory

answer

d

question

Multiple intelligence theory suggests that there are eight kinds of intelligences. They are: academics, dance, art, sports, science, philosophy, religion, and foreign language b. musical, bodily kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic c. speaking, listening, reading, writing, poetry, number concepts, geometry, and social skills d. math, science, social studies, reading, writing, spelling, art, dance

answer

b

question

The theorist who developed the sociocultural theory is a. Arnold Gesell b. Jean Piaget c. Lev Vygotsky d. Erik Erikson

answer

c

question

A toddler who frequently says "no" and wants to do many things independently is showing characteristics of which of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development? a. initiative vs. guilt b. autonomy vs. shame c. trust vs. mistrust d. industry vs. ineriority

answer

b

question

According to onstructivist theory, a young child in the sensorimotor stage is a. often unable to understand the perspective, feelings, and thoughts of others b. able to apply logical thought c. learning through movement and their senses d. beginning to develop the concept of causality

answer

d

question

Urie Bronfenbrenners Ecological Theory helps teachers to understand that: a. hands-on experiences best support learning in the early childhood years b. children learn best when their basic needs are met c. children dev is best understood in the context of social, political, legal and economic systems d. children's moral development proceeds through stages

answer

c

question

The stage of development that involves active exploration, curiosity, and building initiative is a. infancy (birth-12 months) b. toddlerhood (12-36 months) c. preschool period (3-5 years) d. kindergarten and primary school years (5-8)

answer

c

question

Vygotsky's work and study include all of the following EXCEPT: a. development occurs first at the social level and then at the individual level b. children are active participants in their learning and construct their own knowledge c. scaffolding or a small amount of assistance may be helpful for a child d. cognitive development creates language

answer

a

question

Its important for early childhood professionals to study theories so they can a. clearly explain the complex process of learning to parents and others b. compare children to one correct standard of behavior and growth c. prove their personal beliefs about how children learn and develop d. reject all curriculum ideas fro the past to begin anew for modern times

answer

a

question

Which teacher belief statement best represents the contributions of John Locke as identified in your text? a. children come as blank slates so we must create an experientially rich environment to stimulate educational development b. genetics and heredity are the most influential factors of a child's educational development c. the single most important thing one can teach a child is reading so the child can read scriptures on its own d. when children can't experience a real tree or shells on a beach, they should have pictures in books to influence their educational development

answer

a

question

The purpose of theory in early childhood education is to a. attempt to explain how things happen using statements and principles b. discuss the units of knowledge children develop through adaptation c. help satisfy human understanding of the basic needs of children d. represent the acquistion of behavior and skills in developing children

answer

a

question

What current curriculum approach is based on Dewey's philosophy of education? a. back-to-the-basics through core knowledge curriculum b. individualization through multiple intelligences curriculum c. interest-based learning through integrated curriculum d. linear learning through sequenced curriculum

answer

c

question

What is the underlying theme of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? a. active involvement with hands-on experiences b. language development flows from social interaction c. life-skills are learned through play-based curriculum d. modeling by a more competent peer or adult

answer

d

question

While working w a young child, you counted out 10 bears on one plate and while counting, you spaced the bears apart from each other. On another plate, you counted out another 10 bears and while counting, you placed them practically on top of each other in a pile. You asked the child "does one plate have more" The child nodded, "yes" and pointed to the plate with he 10 bears spread apart. From this experience, what can you suspect about the child? The child a. has not developed the ability to conserve b. does not know how to count c. is in the formal operation stage of development d. is demonstrating equilibrium

answer

c

question

Frederick Froebel is credited with a. developing the first picture book for children b. developing a systematic, planned, play-based curriculum for young children c. doing more than any other person to redirect the course of education in the US d. starting the first infant school to help parents of mill workers with child care

answer

b

question

The belief that earning occurs in social contexts through dynamic interactions with he assistance offer competent others as well as the children themselves is central to the theoretical work of a. Dewey b. Montessori c. Piaget d. Vygotsky

answer

d

question

Who is most likely to attest that children learn by doing, and that they actively seek knowledge through experimental self initiated learning a. a behaviorist b. a consrtuctivist c. an individualist d. a progressivist

answer

b

question

What are the implications of Erikson's psychosocial development theory on educational planning for young children a. allowances in educational planning should be made for the physical education of the young child b. cognitive and social dev. occur hand in hand and cannot be separated in appropriate planning c. language development should be planned in conjunction with cognitive development d. the environment is less important than curriculum when planning for young children's education

answer

b

question

Which context influences children lives most directly because it ecoompasses the environments of parents, family, peers, childcare, schools, neighborhood, religious groups, in the ecological theory of development? a. exosystem b. mesosystem c. macrosystem d. microsystem

answer

b

question

What is the focus of the theory of multiple intelligences? a. high-quality education requires multiple teachers to effectively impact the child's learning b. people can be smart in many ways rather than just in the traditional IQ way c. people can be "smart" in only one way, but there are many different ways to explain how people think d. the most critical intelligence for survival is "street smart" intelligence

answer

b

question

Which of these would be atypical in a constructivist classroom because it doesn't represent the basic principles of that approach a. children collaborating on projects and working together cooperatively b. children sitting at desks for long periods of time and working on their own c. teachers asking questions and observing individual children d. a wide variety of materials for dramatic play and problem solving

answer

b

question

A child beginning to develop object permanency is said to be in Piaget's stage of a. concrete operational thinking b. formal operational thinking c. preoperational thought d. sensorimotor development

answer

d

question

When teachers praise a child's success and allow them to work independently in the classroom, they are fostering Maslows human development need for a. achievement and prestige b. belonging and love c. safety and security d. self-actualization

answer

d

question

Which behavior demonstrates creating a developmentally inappropriate classroom? a. accept that some preschoolers have trouble being sympathetic and empathetic b. center time consists of many hands-on experiences for counting and matching objects c. include extensive time and opportunity for make-believe play in the schedule d. Jason is reprimanded when he can't see an event at recess from his peers' perspective

answer

d

question

A preschool teacher wants to scaffold a child's learning during writing time. During a writing activity the teacher should a. approach the child b. gradually withdraw support c. observe and listen d. talk about the task

answer

b

question

Regardless of their differing approaches to childcare, what do the majority of early childhood educators agree upon a. children should be exposed to the arts b. education of young children should be academics focused c. environment and teaching practices should be child centered d. social-emotional curricula should be core

answer

c

question

In addition to viewing child care as a viable early childhood intervention program, why is child care taking a more important role in the American educational system? a. Deompgraphic changes create a high demand for child care b. parents today prefer child care over staying at home to raise children ages 0-5 c. quality, affordability, and accessibility are essential keys to child care delivery and services d. The No Child Left Behind Act encourages universal child care, even though federal funds are not allocated for tuition

answer

c

question

In the high-scope curriculum model, what do classroom arrangement, daily schedule, content, and assessment support? a. active learning b. acts-based learning c. cognitive learning d. social learning

answer

a

question

Which of the following best describes the high/scope curriculums daily routine a. art and writing for gaining expression while developing visual design b. music and movement for nurturing the imagination while addressing math c. phonological awareness for reading readiness while learning sounds d. plan-do-review for expressing intentions while involving teachers

answer

d

question

The teacher in a Montessori program watches her students while they play. When she noticed Ivette having difficulty completing a puzzle, she sits on the rug with her and asks how she is going to find the next puzzle piece. Once she finds the piece the teacher steps behind Ivette, watches but does not provide additional guidance. The teaching is serving in what role a. collaborator B. Guide c. instructor d. trainer

answer

b

question

Of the statements below, which is the most descriptive of the Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education? a. a familiar program of learning, appropriate for young children b. an education based on a system of interconnected relationships c. commercial curriculum designed in accordance with child development d. instruction that relies on child-sized learning materials

answer

b

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