question

Teachers can help motivate their students by:

answer

making the classroom and the lesson interesting and inviting.

question

What happens to self-esteem throughout middle childhood?

answer

it declines

question

Evolutionary psychologists believe that there are increased risks in stepfamilies due to:

answer

stepparents being less devoted to other people's children

question

During the ____ stage of friendship, the focus is on the relationship rather than on the individuals separately. Friendship is viewed as providing mutual support over a long period of time.

answer

intimate and mutual sharing

question

Which of the following best summarizes the "Pygmalion effect?"

answer

"You find what you're looking for."

question

During middle childhood, parent-child interactions focus on all but which of the following?

answer

emerging sexuality

question

High quality teachers are ones who:

answer

communicate values to their students.

question

When it comes to the impact of teacher expectations on student performance:

answer

teacher expectations can become self-fulfilling prophecies for students

question

Industry vs. inferiority is the stage of Erikson's theory that occurs during middle childhood.

answer

True

question

According to Erikson, children in middle childhood are in the ____ stage of psychosocial development.

answer

industry versus inferiority

question

In a classic research study by Richard Green (1978), he found that children reared by lesbians or transsexuals tended to be ____ in sexual orientation.

answer

heterosexual

question

Selman called Stage 4 of friendship (ages 12 and above) ____.

answer

autonomous interdependence

question

Conduct disorder:

answer

is often associated with a diagnosis of ADHD

question

There is evidence that depressed children and adults underutilize the neurotransmitter ____.

answer

Serotonin

question

Children during middle childhood usually have the same number of same-sex and opposite-sex friends.

answer

False

question

During middle childhood:

answer

children's friends tend to be almost exclusively the same gender.

question

Daughters of employed women are more achievement oriented and set higher career goals for themselves than daughters of nonworking women.

answer

True

question

Learned ________ is the acquired belief that one is unable to obtain the rewards that one seeks, regardless of effort.

answer

helplessness

question

Children are at greater risk for sexual abuse when living with a stepparent.

answer

True

question

Children who are best prepared for kindergarten are those who:

answer

have good health care and nutrition.

question

Treatment for childhood depression focuses on:

answer

encouraging children to do enjoyable things and to develop social skills

question

Selman argued that children develop perspective taking through three stages.

answer

False

question

Freud referred to the middle childhood years as the period of the ________ stage.

answer

latency

question

Selman called Stage 1 of friendship (ages 5 to 9) ____.

answer

one-way assistance

question

When it comes to school phobia or refusal:

answer

medications should probably only be used when psychotherapy has not been effective

question

Treatment for conduct disorder:

answer

tends to be more successful when it focuses on parent training

question

An external attribution is one that:

answer

attributes failure to others instead of one's self

question

Low self-esteem is related to:

answer

an authoritarian parenting style

question

During the ages of 6 to 12 years, the child's social world ____.

answer

expands

question

Approximately how many children will spend some part of their childhood in a stepfamily?

answer

more than 1 in 3

question

Having an internal attribution style is associated with depression in children.

answer

True

question

Children with working mothers:

answer

tend to be more prosocial and less anxious

question

Separation anxiety disorder:

answer

is characterized by persistent and excessive separation anxiety which interferes with activities

question

Daughters of working mothers:

answer

are more achievement oriented and have higher goals than their peers.

question

According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is associated with middle childhood?

answer

concrete operations

question

Children who are depressed tend to interpret failures as:

answer

internal

question

Children with better perspective taking skills:

answer

are more skilled at peer relations

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