HD FS 4 – Flashcard
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which of the following is considered an expert who studies aging?
answer
gerontologist
question
What is the age of the onset of late adulthood?
answer
65
question
Which of the following best describes the meaning of "functional age"?
answer
physical and psychological well-being
question
According to the terminology that demographers use, age 65-74 is called
answer
young old.
question
According to the terminology that demographers use, people at age 75-84 are called
answer
old old.
question
According to the terminology that demographers use, age 85 and older is called
answer
oldest old.
question
Research indicates that the fastest-growing segment of the population is the
answer
oldest old.
question
Which of the following is a term for prejudice and discrimination directed at older people?
answer
Ageism
question
Aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that, due to genetic programming, occur as people get older is called
answer
primary aging.
question
Changes in physical functioning that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual differences, but which are not due to increased age itself and are not inevitable are called
answer
secondary aging.
question
A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet is called
answer
osteoporosis.
question
The theory suggesting that overall processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system with increasing age is called
answer
peripheral slowing hypothesis.
question
The theory that processing in all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, is less efficient is called
answer
generalized slowing hypothesis.
question
Which of the following is the term for cloudy or opaque areas on the lens of the eye that interfere with the passing of light?
answer
cataracts
question
Which vision disease, if diagnosed early, can be treated with medication, lasers, and in some cases, a diet rich in antioxidant vitamins?
answer
age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
question
Which of the following is an incurable disease that causes painful inflammation and swelling of one or more joints?
answer
arthritis
question
What percentage of people over the age of 65 show some symptoms of a psychological disorder?
answer
15% to 25%
question
Which of the following is the most common mental disorder of the elderly, covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning?
answer
dementia
question
What is the term for a progressive brain disorder that produces loss of memory and confusion?
answer
Alzheimer's disease
question
What percentage of people 85 and older have Alzheimer's disease?
answer
50%
question
In the final stage of Alzheimer's disease, people
answer
lose voluntary control of their muscles and are bedridden.
question
Approximately how many deaths are a result of Alzheimer's disease annually in the United States?
answer
100,000
question
When the production of the protein beta amyloid precursor protein, which normally produces neurons, goes awry and produces clumps of cells that trigger inflammation and deterioration of nerve cells, this is called
answer
Alzheimer's disease.
question
Contributors to developing Alzheimer's disease
answer
predisposed genetic inheritance, high blood pressure or poor diet, viruses, infections, dysfunctions of the immune system, and hormone imbalance.
question
People diagnosed with Alzheimer's display what kinds of behaviors
answer
Emotional instability and rages, loss of memory for recent events, and eventually for events in long-term memory, loss of ability to feed, clothe, control bladder and bowel functions, and general inability to care for themselves.
question
Drug therapy to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease focuses on the loss of the neurotransmitter
answer
acetylcholine.
question
What are the two major factors that determine whether or not an elderly person can engage in sexual activity?
answer
good physical and mental health, and previous sexual activity
question
What is the term for the average age of death for members of a population?
answer
life expectancy
question
Reasons why life expectancy has continued to rise for the world's population
answer
Improved health and sanitary conditions, vaccinations and preventive measures against diseases, improved working conditions and environmental factors.
question
Which type of memory capacity changes during old age, and especially slips around age 70?
answer
short-term memory
question
Memories from one's own life are called
answer
autobiographical memories.
question
When pleasant memories are more likely to be recalled than unpleasant memories, this is called
answer
the Pollyanna principle.
question
Memory changes in old age are explained by three factors.
answer
Information processing deficits that are affected by a person's ability to inhibit irrelevant information environmental factors such as prescription drugs, life changes in adulthood such as less practiced memory and low motivation, biological factors such as brain and body deterioration
question
Which of the following aspects of memory loss involving information processing deficits has received the most research support?
answer
Memory declines are due to changes in the ability to pay attention to and organize tasks involving memory skills.
question
The ego-integrity-versus-despair stage of psychosocial development is characterized by a process of
answer
looking back over one's life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with it.
question
What percentage of elderly people finish their lives in nursing homes?
answer
5%
question
People over 65 represent what percentage of single-person households?
answer
25%
question
What percentage of people over the age of 65 live with family members?
answer
66%
question
A specialized living environment where all residents are of retirement age and in need of some level of care.
answer
continuing-care community.
question
An independent housing unit which is supported by medical providers as needed.
answer
assisted-living facility.
question
What type of facility provides extensive care?
answer
skilled nursing
question
What percentage of people age 75 to 84 live in nursing homes?
answer
4.4%
question
Learned helplessness is a belief that
answer
one has no control over one's environment.
question
What percentage of people age 65 and older live in poverty?
answer
10%
question
What percentage of women living on their own in late adulthood live on an income below the poverty line?
answer
25%
question
Older people spend what percentage of their income on health care?
answer
20%
question
What percentage of women outlive their husbands?
answer
70%
question
The physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly individuals is called
answer
elder abuse.
question
Approximately how many people over the age of 60 experience elder abuse each year?
answer
2 million
question
The ego-integrity-versus-despair stage of psychosocial development is characterized by a process of
answer
looking back over one's life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with it.
question
The absence of a heartbeat and breathing is called
answer
functional death.
question
A person may be resuscitated and suffer little damage if his/her heart has stopped beating and breathing has stopped for _______ minutes.
answer
5
question
A diagnosis of death based on the cessation of all signs of brain activity, as measured by electrical brain waves, is called
answer
brain death.
question
When electrical brain waves have ceased, this is called
answer
brain death.
question
Some medical experts argue that a person who suffers irreversible brain damage, who is in a coma, and who will never experience anything approaching a human life
answer
can be considered dead.
question
The definition of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is
answer
the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby.
question
At what age do children develop a concept of death?
answer
5
question
By what age do children accept death as universal and final?
answer
9
question
At what age are fears about death the greatest?
answer
middle adulthood
question
What is the most frequent cause of death in middle adulthood?
answer
heart attack or stroke
question
What are the most likely causes of death in late adulthood?
answer
cancer, stroke, and heart disease
question
The acceleration of decline in cognitive functioning related to impending death is called
answer
terminal decline.
question
The suicide rate for men in late adulthood
answer
climbs steadily, especially for men over the age of 85.
question
People who study death and dying are called
answer
thanatologists.
question
Which individual has had the greatest influence in our understanding of the way people confront death?
answer
Kübler-Ross
question
Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross developed a theory of death and dying that involves _____ steps?
answer
5
question
According to Kübler-Ross, what is the first step people pass through as they move toward death?
answer
denial
question
According to Kübler-Ross, what is the second step people pass through as they move toward death?
answer
anger
question
According to Kübler-Ross, when people protest and have objections to either learning about their impending death, or the manner of their impending death, this is called
answer
denial
question
According to Kübler-Ross, what is the third step people pass through as they move toward death?
answer
bargaining
question
According to Kübler-Ross, what is the fourth step people pass through as they move toward death?
answer
depression
question
According to Kübler-Ross, sadness based on events that have already occurred is called
answer
reactive depression.
question
According to Kübler-Ross, when dying people feel sadness over future losses, know that death will bring an end to their relationships, know they will never see future generations, know death is inescapable, and experience a profound sadness over the unalterable conclusion of their life, this is called
answer
preparatory depression.
question
According to Kübler-Ross, what is the final step of the five-step process of dying?
answer
acceptance
question
According to Kübler-Ross, when dying people are fully aware that death is impending, are unemotional and uncommunicative, and have virtually no positive or negative feelings about the present or future, this is called
answer
acceptance.
question
What do the letters "DNR" on a patient's medical chart mean?
answer
"Do Not Resuscitate"
question
The legal document designating what medical treatments people want or do not want if they cannot express their wishes is called a
answer
living will.
question
When a person designates a specific person to act as their representative in making healthcare decisions, that designee is called a(n)
answer
health care proxy.
question
In which of the following legal documents is the healthcare proxy authorized?
answer
durable power of attorney
question
Who was the famous doctor in the 1990s who developed the "suicide machine"?
answer
Jack Kevorkian
question
The practice of assisting people who are terminally ill to die more quickly is called
answer
euthanasia.
question
Which state in the United States passed a "right to die law" in 1998?
answer
Oregon
question
When a respirator or other medical equipment that is sustaining a patient's life is removed, this is known as
answer
passive euthanasia.
question
When medical staff act to end a person's life before death would normally occur, this is called
answer
voluntary active euthanasia.
question
Which of the following lies between passive euthanasia and voluntary active euthanasia?
answer
assisted suicide
question
The care provided for the dying in institutions devoted to those who are terminally ill is called
answer
hospice care.
question
The main purpose of hospice care is
answer
to provide a warm, supportive environment for the dying and help make life as full as possible.
question
The average funeral in the United States costs
answer
$7,000.
question
The acknowledgement of the objective fact that one has experienced a death is called
answer
bereavement.
question
The emotional response to one's loss is called
answer
grief.
