HBS EOC Study Guide Unit 1 – Flashcards
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Anterior
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Front
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Posterior
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Back
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Ventral
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Front
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Dorsal
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Back
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Superior
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Higher
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Inferior
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Lower
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Lateral
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Away from midline
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Medial
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Toward midline
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Proximal
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On limb, nearer to attachment point
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Distal
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On limb, farther from attachment point
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Superficial
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Above More external surface of body
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Deep
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Mote internal
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Common features human share
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-4tissue types -23 pairs of chromosome -206 bones -DNA -Bipedal -Opposable thumbs -highly evolved brain -24 ribs -4 chambered heart
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Epithelial tissue
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-Forms lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body -cells packed tightly together
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Connective tissue
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-Protects, supports, and binds together other body tissue -consistent matrix allows to to fill spaces
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Muscle tissue
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-Specialized to contract and cause movement -skeletal muscle -cardiac muscle -smooth muscle
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Nervous tissue
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-Composed of neurons that send and receive electrical signals in the body -responds to stimuli and transmit impulses -brain, spinal cord, nerves
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Determine gender using skull or pelvis for female
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-Round eye sockets -V-shaped mandible -Smoother bones -rounded pelvis -wider pubic arch
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Determine gender using skull or pelvis for male
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-square eye -U-shaped mandible -brow ridges,sharped -heart shaped pelvis -angled in coccyx
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Structure and function of Deoxyribonucleic acid
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-Deoxyribose: sugar in it made up of building blocks of nucleic acid -double stranded helical molecule made of chromosomes in nucleus -DNA makes up genes -Genes make up chromosomes -Each gene codes for a protein which determines trait
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How does DNA differ from person to person
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-99.9% matches of every person -determined by nucleotides
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Compare DNA of two people
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-scientists perform polymerase chain reaction -amplify making the sample bigger than original -Cut DNA with restriction enzymes -Run through gel electrophoresis to analyze size of each fragment -Restriction enzyme will cut each persons DNA in a different place -Restriction fragment length polymerase will look different
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Restriction enzymes
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-Mostly come from bacteria -Chemicals in it break down DNA of invading viruses -Used for cutting DNA into smaller fragments(RFLP
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Restriction fragment length polymorphism
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-Bit of DNA after the long strand has been cut by restriction enzyme -Seen through electrophoresis gel
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Gel electrophoresis
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-To carry across with electricity -DNA has (-) charge so they're attracted to (+) charge -Samples are placed in wells within agarose gel near a (-) electrode -When turned on, they move toward the (+) electrode -Bit get separated by size making it possible to tell people apart
