(H) Modern World History Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

question
What is militarism?
answer
It is the glorification of the military.
question
What is propaganda?
answer
It is the spreading of ideas to promote a certain cause or to damage an opposing cause.
question
Who was Francis Ferdinand?
answer
He was the Archduke of Austria who's assassination set off World War II.
question
What was the reason for the destructiveness of war in WWI?
answer
The reason for the destructiveness in war in WWI was that there were new, more deadly weapons that were made.
question
What was the Brest-Litovsk Treaty?
answer
It was the treaty that marked the end of Russia's involvement in World War I.
question
What was the cause of international tensions during World War I?
answer
International tensions were caused by M.A.I.N. (militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism).
question
What were the intention of the alliances during World War I?
answer
The intention of the alliances during World War I was to make the sides more powerful, so they could possibly win the war.
question
What was the start of WWI?
answer
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the start of World War I.
question
What was the British declaration of war?
answer
The British declaration of war was after Germany invaded Belgium.
question
What were Lenin's promises for Russia?
answer
Lenin's promises for Russia were "Peace, Land, and Bread!"
question
What were the outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles?
answer
The outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles were that the Allies gained land, but many countries such as Japan, Italy, Russia, and Germany held resentment toward them because they felt they didn't get as much land as they should have. The League of Nations was also created.
question
What were the costs of WWI?
answer
The total cost was 186.3 billion dollars.
question
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
answer
Vladmir Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik party, a revolutionary, he spread Marxist ideas, and he was exiled and then brought back to run the country by Germany.
question
What was a command economy?
answer
It was an economy which government officials make all basic economic decisions.
question
Who was Nicholas II?
answer
He was the leader of Russia, who relied on secret police and other enforcers to impose his will. He went to the war front and left the country to Czarina Alexandra to run, but this was disastrous. He failed to solve Russia, basic political, social, and economic problems. He abdicated in 1917 after the March Revolution.
question
What was a totalitarian state?
answer
It was a government that regulates every aspect of its citizen's rights.
question
Who was Rasputin?
answer
Rasputin was a self-proclaimed "holy man" but he was an illiterate peasant who gave advice to Czarina Alexandra about how to run the country. Several attempts to kill him didn't work, and he died by drowning (by nobles) on December 29th, 1916.
question
Who were the soviets?
answer
They were a council of workers and soldiers set up by revolutionary leaders.
question
What was Cheka?
answer
It was the communist secret police.
question
Who was Joseph Stalin?
answer
Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union who used ruthless measures to control the Soviet Union and its people.
question
What was the Great Purge?
answer
It was when Stalin set up "show trials" where former communist leaders confessed to crimes and being tortured and sent to the Gulag. At least 4 million people were purged during Stalin's years.
question
What was Lenin's economic plan?
answer
It was the N.E.P.
question
What were Stalin's goals as a leader?
answer
Stalin's goals as a leader were to make Russia a stable country that could sustain itself and prosper.
question
What was the result of the Great Purge?
answer
At least 4 million people were purged during the Stalin years.
question
What was Kristallnacht?
answer
Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) was also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, was a pogrom (a series of coordinated attacks) against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria carried out by SA paramilitary and civilians. German authorities looked on without intervening. The attacks left the streets covered with broken glass from the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues.
question
What was the Gestapo?
answer
The Gestapo was the secret police of Nazi Germany.
question
What was the Fascist Party?
answer
The Fascist party was the type of government that ran Italy pre-world war II.
question
What was Mein Kampf?
answer
Hitler's book on what he was going to do with Germany.
question
What was the Third Reich?
answer
The Third Reich was also known as Nazi Germany.
question
What was the attraction of socialism?
answer
The attraction of socialism was that it was a way to make the country very, very stable without taking away all of the rights of the people.
question
What was the reason for Japan's interest in Manchuria?
answer
Japan was interested in Manchuria because it was very mineral rich.
question
What were the slogan of fascism that was glorified?
answer
The slogan of fascism that was glorified was "war is to the male what childbearing is to the female."
question
What were youth in Italy taught?
answer
Youth in Italy were taught to love Fascism.
question
What were the common factors in fascism and communism?
answer
The common factors in Fascism and Communism were that they both had total control over the people, and they both had total economic control over the people.
question
Why was fascism appealing?
answer
Fascism was appealing because it seemed to avoid the messiness of socialism and communism.
question
What were the promises by Hitler pre-WW2?
answer
The promises by Hitler pre-WW2 were to make Germany great again, solve unemplyment by making more public service jobs, abolish the treaty of Versailles.
question
What was the response by the League of Nations to Italy and Japan's aggressiveness?
answer
The response by the League of Nations to Italy and Japan's aggressiveness were that they did not approve, but they could not do anything to stop it.
question
What was the reason Hitler signed the non-aggression pact with Russia?
answer
The reason Hitler signed the non-aggression pact with Russia was that he wanted to end fighting a two-front war.
question
What was the position of the US during World War II?
answer
We were supplying parts and artillery to the Allied Powers (Britain), but then we got involved after the U-Boat attacks.
question
Why was war declared in World War II by Britain and France?
answer
They declared war because Poland was invaded.
question
What was Blitzkrieg?
answer
"Iightning war," or war conducted with great speed and force; specifically : a violent surprise offensive by massed air forces and mechanized ground forces in close coordination.
question
What was the Holocaust?
answer
The Holocaust was Hitler's form of killing all of the people who he deemed not the same as him. Millions of people were killed in this great massacre.
question
What were kamikazes?
answer
Kamikazes were Japanese pilots in World War II trained to make a suicidal attack.
question
What was V-E Day?
answer
It was the Victory in Europe Day when the Allies formally accepted Nazi Germany stepping down. (May 7th, 1945)
question
What were Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
answer
They were the places where the atomic bombs were dropped by the US in Japan.
question
What was the Warsaw Pact?
answer
It was the alliance of the Eastern European nations to almost balance the NATO (which the Allied nations had been a part of)
question
What was perestroika?
answer
It was the policy of economic and governmental reform instituted by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union during the mid-1980s.
question
What was glasnost?
answer
Glasnost was a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union.
question
What was terrorism?
answer
It is the deliberate use of random violence to achieve political goals.
question
Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
answer
He was the leader of the Soviet Union who pushed the idea of de-stalinization, he freed political prisoners, eased censorship, and the Cuban missiles were implanted.
question
Who was Leonid Brezhnev?
answer
He was the leader of the Soviet Union who suppressed dissidents, he built the military up to be very large, he returned to Stalin's ways, became a part of the Space Race, and he put the policy of detente with the US in place.
question
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
answer
He was the leader of the Soviet Union who sought an end to costly Cold War tensions. He renounced the Brezhnev Doctrine, signed arms control treaties with the US, and pulled troops from Afghanistan.
question
What were the reasons for US & USSR competition in the Cold War?
answer
They wanted to prove that they were the biggest and best countries in the world.
question
What was the United Nations?
answer
It was an organization to settle disputes and intervene in matter of human rights issues.
question
What was the reason for the Berlin Wall?
answer
The Berlin Wall was built to keep the East Germans (in Berlin) from leaving and going to West Berlin (West Germany).
question
What was the reason for the end of the Cold War, and who was apart of this decision?
answer
The reason to end to Cold War was the end of communism in 1991 with Gorbachev's resignation.
question
What was the economy of East Germany?
answer
It was very poor.
question
What were the problems with communism?
answer
The problem with communism was that it had too much of a hold over the people, the economy sometimes didn't prosper well, and since the people revolted, communism failed.
question
What were Yeltsin's solutions?
answer
Yeltsin's solutions were (did not find the answer yet).
question
What were the Soviet bloc countries?
answer
The Soviet Bloc countries were the present day countries of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhastan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kirghiz, Tajikistan.
question
What was the effect of the Cold War in Europe?
answer
The effect of the Cold War in Europe was that it heightened tensions and relationships between all of the countries.
question
What were the problems after the fall of communism?
answer
The countries didn't know what to do, so they were failing for a short time until they got up on their feet.
question
What was the reason for civil war in Yugoslavia?
answer
There were so many different ethnicities that they basically just clashed together.
question
What was the cause of the Korean Conflict?
answer
North Korea invaded South Korea in hopes of making one big unified nation.
question
What was the domino theory?
answer
If one country would fall to communism, then another and another would fall.
question
What the Khmer Rouge?
answer
It was Pol Pot's cambodian guerilla forces.
question
What was the fall of Saigon?
answer
The Fall of Saigon was when the North Vietnamese troops finally tok over the south and Vietnam became one unified communist country.
question
What was the relationship between the US & Vietnam in the 80's?
answer
There basically no relations between the US & Vietnam in the 80's.
question
What was the Salt March?
answer
The Salt March was Gandhi's peaceful protests to show that the people could collect their own salt for their own means rather than being taxed by Britian.
question
What was the head of the Muslim League in the 30's?
answer
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
question
What was ethnic tension in India?
answer
There was ethnic tension in India between the Muslims, the Hindus, and the Sikhs.
question
What was the creation of Bangladesh?
answer
Bangladesh ceded from Pakistan in the 1970's after a war to gain its independence.
question
What was Kashmir?
answer
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent.
question
Who were the untouchables?
answer
They were the "dirty people" in society in India.
question
What was the partition?
answer
It was the separation of India based upon the beliefs of the people. This lead to the creation of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India became itself!
question
What was the Arab League?
answer
It is the organization of Arab States in the Middle East, and in North and Northwest Africa. It has 22 members today.
question
What was the creation of Israel?
answer
(Ask Mrs. Opalenick)
question
Who were the Kurds?
answer
Kurds are an Iranic people native to West Asia, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
question
What type of governments were the Middle East governments?
answer
They were authoritarian governments.
question
What were the modernizations in the Middle East?
answer
There were many modernizations in the Middle East, such as the development of water going through the cities, technology being implanted.
question
What was the PLO?
answer
The PLO, or Palestine Liberation Organization, is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations since 1974.
question
What was Hamas/Fatah?
answer
The two Palestinian parties whom have been fighting for a long time in the Palestinian Civil War.
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question
What is militarism?
answer
It is the glorification of the military.
question
What is propaganda?
answer
It is the spreading of ideas to promote a certain cause or to damage an opposing cause.
question
Who was Francis Ferdinand?
answer
He was the Archduke of Austria who's assassination set off World War II.
question
What was the reason for the destructiveness of war in WWI?
answer
The reason for the destructiveness in war in WWI was that there were new, more deadly weapons that were made.
question
What was the Brest-Litovsk Treaty?
answer
It was the treaty that marked the end of Russia's involvement in World War I.
question
What was the cause of international tensions during World War I?
answer
International tensions were caused by M.A.I.N. (militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism).
question
What were the intention of the alliances during World War I?
answer
The intention of the alliances during World War I was to make the sides more powerful, so they could possibly win the war.
question
What was the start of WWI?
answer
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the start of World War I.
question
What was the British declaration of war?
answer
The British declaration of war was after Germany invaded Belgium.
question
What were Lenin's promises for Russia?
answer
Lenin's promises for Russia were "Peace, Land, and Bread!"
question
What were the outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles?
answer
The outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles were that the Allies gained land, but many countries such as Japan, Italy, Russia, and Germany held resentment toward them because they felt they didn't get as much land as they should have. The League of Nations was also created.
question
What were the costs of WWI?
answer
The total cost was 186.3 billion dollars.
question
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
answer
Vladmir Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik party, a revolutionary, he spread Marxist ideas, and he was exiled and then brought back to run the country by Germany.
question
What was a command economy?
answer
It was an economy which government officials make all basic economic decisions.
question
Who was Nicholas II?
answer
He was the leader of Russia, who relied on secret police and other enforcers to impose his will. He went to the war front and left the country to Czarina Alexandra to run, but this was disastrous. He failed to solve Russia, basic political, social, and economic problems. He abdicated in 1917 after the March Revolution.
question
What was a totalitarian state?
answer
It was a government that regulates every aspect of its citizen's rights.
question
Who was Rasputin?
answer
Rasputin was a self-proclaimed "holy man" but he was an illiterate peasant who gave advice to Czarina Alexandra about how to run the country. Several attempts to kill him didn't work, and he died by drowning (by nobles) on December 29th, 1916.
question
Who were the soviets?
answer
They were a council of workers and soldiers set up by revolutionary leaders.
question
What was Cheka?
answer
It was the communist secret police.
question
Who was Joseph Stalin?
answer
Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union who used ruthless measures to control the Soviet Union and its people.
question
What was the Great Purge?
answer
It was when Stalin set up "show trials" where former communist leaders confessed to crimes and being tortured and sent to the Gulag. At least 4 million people were purged during Stalin's years.
question
What was Lenin's economic plan?
answer
It was the N.E.P.
question
What were Stalin's goals as a leader?
answer
Stalin's goals as a leader were to make Russia a stable country that could sustain itself and prosper.
question
What was the result of the Great Purge?
answer
At least 4 million people were purged during the Stalin years.
question
What was Kristallnacht?
answer
Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) was also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, was a pogrom (a series of coordinated attacks) against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria carried out by SA paramilitary and civilians. German authorities looked on without intervening. The attacks left the streets covered with broken glass from the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues.
question
What was the Gestapo?
answer
The Gestapo was the secret police of Nazi Germany.
question
What was the Fascist Party?
answer
The Fascist party was the type of government that ran Italy pre-world war II.
question
What was Mein Kampf?
answer
Hitler's book on what he was going to do with Germany.
question
What was the Third Reich?
answer
The Third Reich was also known as Nazi Germany.
question
What was the attraction of socialism?
answer
The attraction of socialism was that it was a way to make the country very, very stable without taking away all of the rights of the people.
question
What was the reason for Japan's interest in Manchuria?
answer
Japan was interested in Manchuria because it was very mineral rich.
question
What were the slogan of fascism that was glorified?
answer
The slogan of fascism that was glorified was "war is to the male what childbearing is to the female."
question
What were youth in Italy taught?
answer
Youth in Italy were taught to love Fascism.
question
What were the common factors in fascism and communism?
answer
The common factors in Fascism and Communism were that they both had total control over the people, and they both had total economic control over the people.
question
Why was fascism appealing?
answer
Fascism was appealing because it seemed to avoid the messiness of socialism and communism.
question
What were the promises by Hitler pre-WW2?
answer
The promises by Hitler pre-WW2 were to make Germany great again, solve unemplyment by making more public service jobs, abolish the treaty of Versailles.
question
What was the response by the League of Nations to Italy and Japan's aggressiveness?
answer
The response by the League of Nations to Italy and Japan's aggressiveness were that they did not approve, but they could not do anything to stop it.
question
What was the reason Hitler signed the non-aggression pact with Russia?
answer
The reason Hitler signed the non-aggression pact with Russia was that he wanted to end fighting a two-front war.
question
What was the position of the US during World War II?
answer
We were supplying parts and artillery to the Allied Powers (Britain), but then we got involved after the U-Boat attacks.
question
Why was war declared in World War II by Britain and France?
answer
They declared war because Poland was invaded.
question
What was Blitzkrieg?
answer
"Iightning war," or war conducted with great speed and force; specifically : a violent surprise offensive by massed air forces and mechanized ground forces in close coordination.
question
What was the Holocaust?
answer
The Holocaust was Hitler's form of killing all of the people who he deemed not the same as him. Millions of people were killed in this great massacre.
question
What were kamikazes?
answer
Kamikazes were Japanese pilots in World War II trained to make a suicidal attack.
question
What was V-E Day?
answer
It was the Victory in Europe Day when the Allies formally accepted Nazi Germany stepping down. (May 7th, 1945)
question
What were Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
answer
They were the places where the atomic bombs were dropped by the US in Japan.
question
What was the Warsaw Pact?
answer
It was the alliance of the Eastern European nations to almost balance the NATO (which the Allied nations had been a part of)
question
What was perestroika?
answer
It was the policy of economic and governmental reform instituted by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union during the mid-1980s.
question
What was glasnost?
answer
Glasnost was a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union.
question
What was terrorism?
answer
It is the deliberate use of random violence to achieve political goals.
question
Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
answer
He was the leader of the Soviet Union who pushed the idea of de-stalinization, he freed political prisoners, eased censorship, and the Cuban missiles were implanted.
question
Who was Leonid Brezhnev?
answer
He was the leader of the Soviet Union who suppressed dissidents, he built the military up to be very large, he returned to Stalin's ways, became a part of the Space Race, and he put the policy of detente with the US in place.
question
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
answer
He was the leader of the Soviet Union who sought an end to costly Cold War tensions. He renounced the Brezhnev Doctrine, signed arms control treaties with the US, and pulled troops from Afghanistan.
question
What were the reasons for US & USSR competition in the Cold War?
answer
They wanted to prove that they were the biggest and best countries in the world.
question
What was the United Nations?
answer
It was an organization to settle disputes and intervene in matter of human rights issues.
question
What was the reason for the Berlin Wall?
answer
The Berlin Wall was built to keep the East Germans (in Berlin) from leaving and going to West Berlin (West Germany).
question
What was the reason for the end of the Cold War, and who was apart of this decision?
answer
The reason to end to Cold War was the end of communism in 1991 with Gorbachev's resignation.
question
What was the economy of East Germany?
answer
It was very poor.
question
What were the problems with communism?
answer
The problem with communism was that it had too much of a hold over the people, the economy sometimes didn't prosper well, and since the people revolted, communism failed.
question
What were Yeltsin's solutions?
answer
Yeltsin's solutions were (did not find the answer yet).
question
What were the Soviet bloc countries?
answer
The Soviet Bloc countries were the present day countries of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhastan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kirghiz, Tajikistan.
question
What was the effect of the Cold War in Europe?
answer
The effect of the Cold War in Europe was that it heightened tensions and relationships between all of the countries.
question
What were the problems after the fall of communism?
answer
The countries didn't know what to do, so they were failing for a short time until they got up on their feet.
question
What was the reason for civil war in Yugoslavia?
answer
There were so many different ethnicities that they basically just clashed together.
question
What was the cause of the Korean Conflict?
answer
North Korea invaded South Korea in hopes of making one big unified nation.
question
What was the domino theory?
answer
If one country would fall to communism, then another and another would fall.
question
What the Khmer Rouge?
answer
It was Pol Pot's cambodian guerilla forces.
question
What was the fall of Saigon?
answer
The Fall of Saigon was when the North Vietnamese troops finally tok over the south and Vietnam became one unified communist country.
question
What was the relationship between the US & Vietnam in the 80's?
answer
There basically no relations between the US & Vietnam in the 80's.
question
What was the Salt March?
answer
The Salt March was Gandhi's peaceful protests to show that the people could collect their own salt for their own means rather than being taxed by Britian.
question
What was the head of the Muslim League in the 30's?
answer
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
question
What was ethnic tension in India?
answer
There was ethnic tension in India between the Muslims, the Hindus, and the Sikhs.
question
What was the creation of Bangladesh?
answer
Bangladesh ceded from Pakistan in the 1970's after a war to gain its independence.
question
What was Kashmir?
answer
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent.
question
Who were the untouchables?
answer
They were the "dirty people" in society in India.
question
What was the partition?
answer
It was the separation of India based upon the beliefs of the people. This lead to the creation of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India became itself!
question
What was the Arab League?
answer
It is the organization of Arab States in the Middle East, and in North and Northwest Africa. It has 22 members today.
question
What was the creation of Israel?
answer
(Ask Mrs. Opalenick)
question
Who were the Kurds?
answer
Kurds are an Iranic people native to West Asia, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
question
What type of governments were the Middle East governments?
answer
They were authoritarian governments.
question
What were the modernizations in the Middle East?
answer
There were many modernizations in the Middle East, such as the development of water going through the cities, technology being implanted.
question
What was the PLO?
answer
The PLO, or Palestine Liberation Organization, is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations since 1974.
question
What was Hamas/Fatah?
answer
The two Palestinian parties whom have been fighting for a long time in the Palestinian Civil War.
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