H. Biology WHS Pacheco Study Guide… – Flashcards
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List two alternative futures for cells when they reach their size limitations:
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1. cells will stop growing 2. cells will divide
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4. stage in which the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical nuclei
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B .cytokinesis
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5. substage of interphase immediately after a cell divides
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C. G1
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6. substage of itnerphase in which the cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division
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A. S phase
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7. stage in which the cell's nuclear material divides and separates
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F. mitosis
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8. main stage in which the cell grows, carries out normal functions, and duplicates its DNA
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E. interphase
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9. substage in which the cell prepares for nuclear division and a protein that makes microtubles for cell division is synthesized
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D. G2
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For each statement below, write true or false 1. The nuclear membrane disintegrates during prophase
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True
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2. Microtubules move chromatids to the poles of the cell during anaphase
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True
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3. Chromosomes reach the poles of the cell during metaphase
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False
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4. The cell's chromatin condenses into chromosomes during prophase
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True
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5. The nuclear envelope re-forms during anaphase
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False
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6. Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and line up along the equator of the cell during metaphase
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True
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7. The nucleus reappears during prophase
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False
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8. Centrioles migrate to the poles of the cell during telophase
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False
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9. Chromatids are pulled apart during anaphase
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True
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10. The first stage of mitosis is telophase
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False
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11. The chromosomes decondense or unwind during telophase
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True
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12. The shortest stage of mitosis is metaphase
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True
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21. Discuss the role of microfilaments in cytokinesis
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Micro filaments are used in animals to accomplish cytokinesis by constricting, or pinching the cytoplasm
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22. Summarize cell division in prokaryotes
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1. goes through binary fission 2. When prokaryotic DNA is duplicated, both copies attach to the plasma membrane 3. As plasma membrane grows, the attached DNA molecules are pulled apart 4. Cell completes fission and the results: 2 new cells
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24. Complete the graphic organizer about the causes and prevention of cancer. (Left side first)
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Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells that is often prevented by cell-cycle checkpoints that monitor for DNA damage or spindle fiber failure and stop the cell cycle before cytokinesis
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24. Complete the graphic organizer about the causes and prevention of cancer. (Right side next)
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Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells that is caused by unrepaired genetic changes or exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco, excessive X rays, and/or sun's ultraviolent raysrays
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9. After a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting mass of cells divides until there are about 100 to 150 cells
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Stem cells
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10. Some cells go through a programmed death
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Apoptosis
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11. Embryonic cells shrivel and die, resulting in the formation of fingers and toes
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Apoptosis
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12. Unspecialized cells are either embryonic or adult
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Stem cells
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13. This event occurs in cells that are damaged beyond repair
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Apoptosis
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1. Which distinguishes the process of cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
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B. A cell plate forms in plant cells, while a furrow forms in animal cells
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2. Which is part of the spindle apparatus?
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A. aster fibers
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3. The G1 stage of the cell cycle marks the beginning of the
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A. cell cycle
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4. How can apoptosis be defined?
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A. cell death
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5. Unspecialized human cells are called_____
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D. stem cells
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6. Why is adult stem cell research less controversial than embryonic stem cell research?
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B. Consent can be obtained from adult stem cell donors
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Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below. 1. The structure that attaches sister chromatids is called the ________
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spindle fiber
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2. The shortest stage of mitosis is _______
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metaphase
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3. A bacterium cell reproduces using the process of _______
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binary fission
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4. Special proteins that bind to enzymes during the cell cycle are called ______
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cyclins
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5. A failure in the regulation of the cell cycle will result in _____
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tumor
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6. Ultraviolet radiation is an example of a (n) _______
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carcinogen
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Use the illustration above to respond to the following statement. 1. Interpret: Identify the four stages of mitosis in the drawings labeled A-D. Explain the reasons for your indentifications
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A: Telophase: the chromatids reached the poles and the cell membrane is beginning to construct. B: Anaphase : chromatids are pulled towards the poles C: Interphase: cells are growing D: Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate
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Feel free to correct any answers that are wrong...
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There might be quite a lot.. actually... sorry! :)
