Greek and Latin Roots Pathology for Massage Therapists – Flashcards
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a-, an-
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Without...Malignant melanoma lesions may show as Asymmetrical discolorations on the skin.
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acro-
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Extremity...Acral lentiginous melanoma usually begins on the fingers or toes.
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adno-
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Glandular...Adenocarcinoma in cancer that begins in glands.
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-algia
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Pain...An analgesic is a painkiller
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angio-
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Blood or lymph...Angiogenesis is the production of new blood vessels.
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arthr-
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joint...Arthroplasty is a surgical implantation of an artificial joint, often to treat osteoarthritis.
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brady-
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Slow...Bradycardia means slow heart beat
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carcin-
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[crab] carcinoma, cancer
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-cele
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hernia, swelling, protrusion...In spina bifida meningoCELE, the dura mater and arachniod pritrude through an incompletely closed vertebal arch
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cervi-, cervico-
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Neck Ex: CERVical cancer originates in cells found in the neck of the uterus
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cep-. ceph-
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Head, brain Ex: EnCEPHalitis refers to inflammation of the brain
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chole
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BILE e.g. Cholecystectomy - excision of the gall bladder
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com-, con-
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with, together Ex: a CONcentric muscle CONtraction brings the bony attachments closer together
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contra-
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against...coup-CONTREcoup head injury occurs when the brain hits the opposite side of the cranium from the direction of the original blow
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cyst
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Hollow organ...ChloeCYSTitis is inflammation of the gallbladder
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demo-
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people...DEMOgraphics is recorded info about a specific group of people
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derm-
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skin, DERMAtology
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dia-
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Through...DIAbetes nekkutus means sweetness flowing through, referring to excessive production of urine that is high in sugar
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dys-
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difficulty....DYSphagia is difficulty with swallowing or eating.
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ecto-, -ectomy
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Outside, removal...AppendECTOMY is the removal of the appendix.
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-emia
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Blood...septicEMIA is a type of blood infection
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endo-
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Inside...An endoscopy is a test to examine the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
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epi-
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Upon...An EPIdemic isa contagiour deisease that affects a lot of people (Upon the People)
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erythr-
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Red...EYTHRopoietin is a hormone that simulates productiond of red blood cells
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ex-
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Out of..EXophthalmos is a condition in which the eyes bulge out of their usual position
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-gen
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Begining, producing...Ab allergen is an allergy-producing substance
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glyco-
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Relating to sugar...HypoGLYCemia is another term for low blood sugar
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-graphy
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Recording, writing...VenoGRAPHY is a test to measure blood flow through veins
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hemi-
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half...HEMIplegic cerebral palsy affects half of the body
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hemo-
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Blood...HEMOrrhage means blood flowing
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hepat-
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Liver...HEPATitis is inflammation of the liver.
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hydro-
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Water...HYDROcephalus is a condition involving too much cerebrospinal fluid
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hyper-
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Above, too much...HYPERuricemia descrives having too much uric acid in the blood
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hypo-
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Low...HYPOtension is another term for low blood pressure
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-itis
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Inflammation...AtrhrITIS is inflammation of a joint
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-lepisi
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Seizure...EpiLEPSY is a type of seizure disorder
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leuko-
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White...LEUKemia is a cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells
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lipo-
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Fat...HyperLIPidemia describes high levels of fat in the blood
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litho-
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Rock...the presence of a kidney stone is nephroLITHiasis
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-logy
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Study...PathoLOGY is the study of disease
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-lysis, -lyso
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Destruction... ParaLYSIS is the loss of normal function.
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mega-
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Large...SplenoMEGAly (enlarged spleen)is a potential complication of mononucleosis
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meno-
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Month...MENstruation is the monthly detachment and expulsion of the uterine lining.
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metr-
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Mother (uterus)...endoMETRium is the inner lining of the uterus.
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micro-
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Small... MICROgraphia (shrinking of handwriting) is a possible symptom of Parkinson disease.
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myco-
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Fungus...MYCOsis is any disease caused by a yeast or a fungus
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mye-
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Marrow or spinal cord...a MYElocelle is a protrusion of the spinal cord, seen with some types of spina bifida.
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necro-
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Death...NECROsis is the condition of tissue death.
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neo-
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New.. NEOplasm is a new formation; it sometimes refers to a cancerous growth
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nephro-
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Kidney...NEPHritis is the inflammation of a kidney
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neuro-
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Nerve...Peripheral NEUROpathy is a complication of untreated diabetes mellitus
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-oid
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Resembles.. The sigmOID colon loooks like an "S"
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-oma
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Tumor...a lipOMA is a benign fatty tumor
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onco-
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Tumor...ONCOlogist is a doctor who specializes in cancer
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orchi-
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Testes...ORCHitis is inflammation of the testicles
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-osis
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Pathologic condition...hyperkyphOSIS is the condition of having an accentuated kyphotic curve
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osteo-
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Bone...OSTEOporosis is the condition of developing porous bones.
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para-
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Alongside, near...the PARAspinal muscles run PARAllel to the spine
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peri-
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around...the PERIcardium wraps around the heart.
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phagia-
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Eating...polyPHAGIA, or constant hunger, is a symptom of diabetes mellitus
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-philia
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Affinity... HemoPHILIA is a blood clotting disorder
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phleb-
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Vein...thromboPHLEBitis is inflammation of a vein because of a clot
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phyto-
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Plants...DermatoPHYTOsis is another term for fungal infection of the skin
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-plasia
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Growth...HyperPLASIA means too much growth
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-plasm, -plasma
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Formed...a wart is a type of neoPLASM
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patho-
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Disease state...PATHOgen is a disease-causing organism
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physio-
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Nature...PHYSIOlogy is the study of normal life functions
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pseudo-
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False...PSEUDO-gout involves different chemical deposits form those seen with acute gouty arthritis
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psych-
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the mind, mental...PSYCHogenic tremor develops in stressful situations
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ren-
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Kidney...the adRENal glands are on top of the kidneys
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-rrhagia, -rrhea
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flowing...RhinoRRHAGIA is a runny nose
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rhino-
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Nose...a RHINOplasty is a nose job
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sarco-
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Flesh...Kaposi SARCOma is a type of cancer.
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sclero-
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Hardness, scarring..SCLEROderma is a disease involving the hardening of the skin
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spondy-
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Spine...SPONDYlosis is osteoarthritis in the spine
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-stasis
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Stagnation, standing still...STASIS dermatitis is related to poor circulation
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stoma-
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An opening, mouth...STOMAtitis is the development of inflamed lesions at the corners of the mouth
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syn-, sym-
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With...the two pubic bones come together at the SYMphysis pubis
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thrombo-
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Clot...Deep vein THROMBOsis is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism
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therm-
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Temperature...HypoTHERMia is the state of getting too cold.
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-trophy, -trophic
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Nutrition, growth...Muscular dysTROPHY is a condition in which muscles degenerate
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vaso-
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Blood vessel...Raynaud syndrowm involves severe VASOspasm in th extremities
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ACUTE
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Rapid onset, brief, can be severe
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CHRONIC
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Prolonged, long-term, can be low intensity
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COMPLICATION
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A process or event that occurs during the course of a disease that is not an essential pert of that disease
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CONTRAINDICATED
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Describing an intervention that may have a negative outcome in a given condition
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DEMOGRAPHIC
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An identified group of people about which information is gathered
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DIAGNOSIS
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The determination of the nature of a disease, injury or defect
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ENDEMIC
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A pattern of disease incidence that is limited to a particular population or area
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EPIDEMIC
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Widespread outbreak of a contagious disease
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IDIOPATHIC
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A disease of unknown origin
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INCIDENCE
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The number of new cases of people falling ill with a specified disease during a specific period with a specific population
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INDICATION
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The basis for an intervention that is likely to have a positive outcome in a given condition
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LESION
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A pathologic change in tissue
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LOCAL
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Describing a limited area of the body
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MORBIDITY
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A diseased state; the ratio of sick to well people within a population
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MORTALITY
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Death rate from a specific disease
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PANDEMIC
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A contagious disease affecting the golbal population
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PREVALENCE
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The number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific period or at a particular moment; the proportion of people affected
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PROGNOSIS
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Expected outcome of a disease or disorder
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SIGN
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an objectively observable indication of a disease or disorder
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STENOSIS
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Abnormal narrowing of any canal or orifice
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SUBACUTE
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Between acute and chronic; a stage in healing or tissue repair
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SYMPTOM
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A subjective experience relating to a disease or disorder
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SYNDORME
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A collection of signs and symptoms associated with a specific disease process
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SYSTEMIC
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Describing a whole-body involvement
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TRAUMA
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Any physical or mental injury
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Antigen
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Any substance that elicits an immune response on contact with sensitive cells
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Anular
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Ring shaped
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Aponeurosis
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fibrous sheet of flat expanded tendon giving attachment to muscular fibers and serving as a means of origin or insertion of a flat muscle; it sometimes serves as a fascia for other muscles
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Arachnoid
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delicate membrane of spider web-like filaments that lies between the dura mater and the pia mater
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Astrocyte
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Star shaped glial cells in the CNS; help provide the blood-brain barrier
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axon
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the process of a nerve that carries the impulse away from the cell body
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basal layer
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the deepest layer of the epidermis
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Beta cell
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cell in the pancreas that secretes insulin
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dendrite
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the process of a nerve cell that carries impulses toward the cell body
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dura mater
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a tough, fibrous membrane forming the outer covering of the CNS
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Dystonia
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a state of abnormal (too much or too little) muscle tone
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eccentric contraction
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a lengthening action in which a muscle's attachments are drawn away from each other while the muscle is activiated
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Edema
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an accumulation of excessive amoutn of watery fluid in cells, tissues or serous membranes
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epithelium
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a purely cellular avascular layer covering all free surfaces including skin, mucous and serous glands
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epidermis
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the superficial epithelial portion of the skin
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erthrocyte
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mature red blood cell
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interstitial
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relating to the spaces within a tissue or organ but excluding such spaces a body cavities or potential space
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ischemic
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mechanical blockage of a blood supply
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leukocyte
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type of blood cell formed in several types of tissue, involved in immune reactions. A white blood cell
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lymphocyte
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a white blood cell formed in lymphatic tissues
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macrophage
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a type of phagocytic white blood cell. Eats the bad guys
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mast cell
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white blood cell foundin connective tissue and contains heparin and histamine.
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mitochondrion
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an organelle of the cell cytoplasm; the principal energy source of the cell
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mycosis
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any disease caused by a fungus
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neutrophil
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a type of mature white blood cell formed in the bone marrow
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oligodendricyte
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1 of 3 types of glial cells, the other 2 being astrocytes and microglia, that together with nerve cells compose the tissue of the CNS
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pia mater
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a delicate fibrous membrane firmly adherent to the brain and spinal cord
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platelet
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an irregularly shaped fragment of a megakaryocyte that aids in blood clotting
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proprioceptor
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sensory end organs that relay info about position and muscle tension
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prion
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an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid
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Raynaud syndrome
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes due to vasospasm in distal extremities
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keratin
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substance present in cuticular structures like hair, nails & horns
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Schwann's cells
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cells forming a continuous envelope around the nerves of the peripheral nervous system (nodes of ravalier(sp.) leave tiny openings that act as accelators in sending an electrical impulse to the brain and back)
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spirochete
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type of bacteria shaped like undulation spiral rods. Lyme disease, syphilis
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spondylosis
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stiffening of the vertebra; often applied nonspecifically to any lesion of the spine of a degenerative nature
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thrombosis
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formation or presence of a clot
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tinea
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fungal infection of the keratin component of hairs, skin or nails
