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What was the largest program within President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty

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Medicaid

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The grant money provided through programs created under the Great Society

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required state and local authorities to follow detailed programmatic guidelines prescribing how the funds were supposed to be spent

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Federalism presents opportunities for two kinds of majorities to pursue their interests in competition with each other. These majorities are

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State and national

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Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty are both examples of

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sudden bursts of national policymaking in which the federal government assumed jurisdiction over public policy once reserved to the states

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In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall upheld the right of the national government to create a bank based on

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The elastic clause in the Constitution

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What is a compelling strategic reason for a group to prefer national policy to state policy

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The national arena may be the only place in which it can hope to prevail

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Roosevelt's New Deal was

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A comprehensive set of economic regulations and relief programs intended to fight the Great Depression

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______ occurs when national and state governments jointly supply services to the citizenry

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Shared federalism

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Debates over federalism

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have not been fully resolved as debates over the Affordable Care Act, the legalization of marijuana, and recognition of same-sex marriages demonstrate

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In unitary government systems

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The national government monopolizes constitutional authority

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The New Deal was innovative primarily because of

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Its size and scope

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The passage of the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act, which standardized state driver's licenses for interstate truckers, is an example of the federal government

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Solving a coordination problem among the states

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What is true about the states and amending the Constitution

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The states may petition Congress to convene a constitutional convention for the purposes of proposing constitutional amendments, so long as two-thirds of the states are part of the petition

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Supporters of states' rights argue that

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decentralization of authority leads to greater government innovation and policies that better suit the preferences of the residents of each state

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Which amendment provides the most explicit endorsement of federalism found in the Constitution

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Tenth

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As Madison points out in Federalist No. 10, since the states and the national government combine the citizenry's preferences into different groupings, the two levels of government

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They may adopt different, even opposite, policies to address the same problem

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In the nineteenth century, the Senate had both the motive and the means to defend state prerogatives against national encroachment because

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State legislatures picked the senators and each state had equal representation in the Senate regardless of population

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American federalism is

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A two-tiered system comprising the national government and the state governments

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In a federal system, the Constitution divides authority between

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Two or more distinct levels of government

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What is not one of the general conditions of a federal system

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Each level of government must have identical powers to foster the greatest possible competition

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A confederation is a form of government best described as

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Lower-level governments possess primary authority

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When the federal government makes a block grant

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it gives an exact amount of money to spend for some purpose

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Why did the efforts to partition federal and state responsibilities into separate and self-contained spheres fail

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The combination of modern policymaking challenges and the belief that the government should provide more services and solve more problems

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The use by the national government of cross-cutting requirements, crossover sanctions, direct orders, and partial preemption are all examples of

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Unfunded mandates

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One of the consequences in the Supreme Court's decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012) was

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it gave state leaders new policy discretion on expanding Medicaid as they could accept the money from the federal government if they wanted, but the federal government could not force an expansion of the program

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Matching grants create a moral hazard because

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people may behave differently or take more risks because they do not have to pay all of the costs of their actions

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The Constitution opened the door to nationalization by granting the federal government ultimate power to determine within certain bounds

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The extent of its authority over the states

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The original intent of the supremacy clause was to ensure

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The national government would prevail over states when both governments were acting in a constitutionally correct manner

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To justify the New Deal's unprecedented intervention in the economy, the Roosevelt administration invoked

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The commerce clause

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The Supreme Court has gained increased power by

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overruling state laws inimical with the Bill of Rights, and this expanded the authority of the national government

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Under what circumstances could Congress destroy an established state by, for example, cutting it in half to create a new state

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Only with the consent of the established state

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The net effect of the Supreme Court decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden was

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creating a powerful precedent that allowed future national policy to develop free of the constraints of state prerogatives

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Under the Articles of Confederation, each state was free to conduct its own international trade policy. This meant

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Foreign governments and merchants could exploit competition among the states to negotiate profitable trade agreements

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When members of Congress pass a law that obligates states to provide particular services, they are

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Responding to some citizens' demands without being held responsible for imposing the costs on others

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Although state officials may frequently complain about the policies of the Environmental Protection Agency

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The presence of national standards insulates environmental protection from cutthroat competition among the states

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Preemption legislation

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While Congress has steadily increased the number of laws substituting federal policy for the states, the federal government is also more likely to join with the states in formulating policy

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The example of Governor Perry openly courting companies in other states to move to Texas illustrates

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all the states might be better-off if no state offered tax incentives, but once one state does it, the rest feel compelled to respond

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The Seventeenth Amendment, which came about amid persistent and widespread charges of bribery, mandated

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The direct and popular election of senators

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While supporters of policies often try to move decision making to the national level, recent developments surrounding abortion rights and gun rights illustrate that

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groups losing at the national level seek smaller victories in states where they enjoy majority support

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What is true about the Supreme Court case United States v. Lopez and the Court's overturning of the Violence Against Women Act

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They have not seriously undermined the extensive authority nationalization has thrust on the federal government

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What best describes scholars who argue that the Tenth Amendment-which provides that the powers not taken by the national government belong to the states-is little more than a truism

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They point to the powerful combination of the supremacy clause and the elastic clause to support their argument

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When modern state governments have encountered the same dilemmas of collective action that prompted their eighteenth-century counterparts to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, they have solved the dilemmas by shifting responsibility

answer

From the state to federal authorities

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The problems of pollution and conserving natural resources are examples of

answer

Tragedies of the commons

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Dual federalism leaves the states and the national government to preside over

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Mutually exclusive spheres of sovereignty

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Many of the enumerated powers of Congress deal with federalism because

answer

it enabled the national government to address problems the states had not grappled with effectively under the Articles of Confederation

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Who is the ultimate arbiter of controversies involving American federalism

answer

The U.S. Supreme Court

question

Today's constitutional litigation over federalism typically concerns what direct efforts

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Efforts by the federal government to regulate the activities of state and local governments and their employees

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Article IV of the Constitution requires that the national government ensures

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That all states adhere to a republican form of government

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The size of state and local governments

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is bigger than it ever has been as a result of the nationalizing thrust of the New Deal

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The experience surrounding the creation and adoption of Common Core standards illustrates

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President Obama's administration offered grant money to the states if they adopted common learning goals

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The so-called elastic clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution provides that Congress can "make all Laws which shall be

answer

necessary and proper for carrying into Execution" the foregoing enumerated powers

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Which clause has the federal government utilized to expand its jurisdiction over policymaking as the scope of economic transactions has increased

answer

Commerce

question

National campaigns for legislation banning automatic weapons, regulating hazardous waste disposal, and mandating special education are all examples of

answer

Instances in which state issues have been strategically shifted to Washington, D.C., by their advocates

question

Local governments in the United States

answer

do not exercise independent, constitutional authority because they are not mentioned in the Constitution

question

A confederation is a form of government best described as

answer

Lower-level governments possess primary authority

GOVT 2305 Quiz: Chapter 3 – Flashcards

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