Government, Chapter 1: Politics
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who gets what, when, and how; a process of determining how power and resources are distributed in a society without recourse to violence
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politics
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the ability to get other people to do what you want
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power
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assets and advantages that help us achieve a desired end
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resources
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the way we organize and live our collective lives
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social order
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accepted as "right" or proper
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legitimate
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a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people
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government
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directives that specify how resources will be distributed or what procedures govern collective activity
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rules
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organizations in which governmental power is exercised
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institution
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production and distribution of a society's material resources and services
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economics
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an economic system in which market determines production, distribution, and price decisions and property is privately owned
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capitalist economy
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an economic system in which the market makes all the decisions and the government plays no role
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laissez-faire capitalism
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a market system in which the government intervenes to protect rights and make procedural guarantees
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regulated capitalism
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government assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promise of particular outcomes
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procedural guarantees
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an economic system in which the state determines production, distribution, and price decisions and property is government owned
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socialist economy
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government assurance of particular outcomes or results
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substantive guarantees
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a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality
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social democracy
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systems in which the state holds all power over the social order
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authoritarian governments
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an authoritarian government with power vested in a king or queen
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monarchy
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an authoritarian government that claims to draw its power from divine or religious authority
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theocracy
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an authoritarian government in which policy is made for the ultimate glory of the state
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fascist government
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rule by a small group of elites
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oligarchy
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a system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life
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totalitarian government
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a system in which the state allows people economic freedom, but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior
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authoritarian capitalism
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the absence of government and laws
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anarchy
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government that vests power in the people
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democracy
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the concept that the citizens are the ultimate source of political power
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popular sovereignty
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a theory of democracy that limits the citizens' role to choosing among competing leaders
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elite democracy
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a theory of democracy that holds that citizen membership in groups is the key to political power
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pluralist democracy
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a theory of democracy that holds that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives
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participatory democracy
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a system in which a democratic government allows citizens a considerable amount of personal freedom and maintains a free-market(though still usually regulated) economy
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advanced industrial democracy
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a utopian system in which property is communally owned and all decisions are made democratically
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communist democracy
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individuals who are obliged to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights
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subjects
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members of a political community having both rights and responsibilities
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citizens
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the principle that earthly rulers receive their authority from God
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divine right of kings
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the break from the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500's by those who believed in direct access to God and salvation by faith
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Protestant Reformation
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a philosophical movement(1600-1700s) that emphasized human reason, scientific examination, and industrial progress
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Enlightenment
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the notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others
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social contract
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a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people
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republic
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analysis and evaluation of ideas and arguments based on reason and evidence
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critical thinking
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understanding how something works by breaking ti down into its component parts
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analysis
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assessing how well something works or performs according to a particular standard or yardstick
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evaluation
