Government Analysis – Flashcards

The authority to hear certain cases is called
Choose one answer.
a. the due process clause.
b. the separate-but-equal doctrine.
c. jurisdiction.
d. litigation.

When both the state court and the federal court have jurisdiction, it is called
Choose one answer.
a. appellate jurisdiction.
b. judicial review.
c. the separate-but-equal doctrine.
d. concurrent jurisdiction.

The celebrated decision in this case gave the Supreme Court judicial review.
Choose one answer.
a. McCulloch v. Maryland
b. Plessy v. Ferguson
c. Slaughterhouse Case
d. Marbury v. Madison

That no state may deprive any person of life, liberty, or property is part of
Choose one answer.
a. the due process clause.
b. original jurisdiction.
c. litigation.
d. appellate jurisdiction.

Cases involving maritime law come under jurisdiction of the
Choose one answer.
a. appellate courts.
b. federal courts.
c. state courts.
d. maritime courts.

This court hears cases dealing with tariffs.
Choose one answer.
a. Court of International Trade
b. legislative court
c. court of appeals
d. territorial court

This court helps Congress exercise its power.
Choose one answer.
a. U.S. Court of Federal Claims
b. legislative court
c. United States Tax Court
d. Court of the District of Columbia

If the government has not paid a bill for goods or services, you may sue in this court.
Choose one answer.
a. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
b. territorial court
c. U.S. Court of Federal Claims
d. United States Tax Court

Submitting a judicial candidate’s name to the home state before a senatorial hearing is called
Choose one answer.
a. judicial courtesy.
b. state court courtesy.
c. senatorial-courtesy system.
d. judicial circuit

This was the first African American appointed to the Supreme Court.
Choose one answer.
a. Ronald Reagan
b. Sandra Day O’Connor
c. Lyndon Johnson
d. Thurgood Marshall

Duties of the Supreme Court justices have developed from
Choose one answer.
a. the Constitution.
b. Presidential requests.
c. congressional orders.
d. laws and through tradition.

An assistant to a Supreme Court judge is a
Choose one answer.
a. law clerk.
b. justice.
c. chief justice.
d. congressional page.

Justices reach the Court through
Choose one answer.
a. Electoral College vote.
b. popular vote.
c. senatorial appointment.
d. Presidential appointment.

This former President served as Chief Justice of the United States.
Choose one answer.
a. William Howard Taft
b. Ronald Reagan
c. Jimmy Carter
d. Lyndon Johnson

Sandra Day O’Connor received a strong endorsement from this justice and former classmate.
Choose one answer.
a. William Howard Taft
b. Warren Burger
c. William Rehnquist
d. Harry Blackmun

The vast majority of cases heard by the Supreme Court reach the Court
Choose one answer.
a. because of jurisdiction.
b. because of Presidential requests.
c. from congressional hearings.
d. as appeals from lower court decisions.

This is an order from the Court to send up the records on a case for review.
Choose one answer.
a. appeal
b. amicus curiae
c. writ of certiorari
d. per curiam

This is a written statement setting forth the legal arguments.
Choose one answer.
a. amicus curiae
b. brief
c. per curiam opinion
d. opinion

One or more justices who agree with the majority’s conclusions about a case, but do so for different reasons, write a
Choose one answer.
a. majority opinion.
b. unanimous opinion.
c. dissenting opinion.
d. concurring opinion.

The Fourteenth Amendment was important to Clarence Gideon because it gave him
Choose one answer.
a. a lower bail.
b. a chance to argue in front of the Court.
c. a court-appointed lawyer.
d. freedom of speech.

This is not a way the Supreme Court determines policy.
Choose one answer.
a. overruling or reversing its previous decisions
b. passing laws
c. using judicial review
d. interpreting the meaning of laws

This judicial review of state laws and actions changed law enforcement across the nation.
Choose one answer.
a. Train v. City of New York
b. Miranda v. Arizona
c. Brown v. Board of Education
d. Marbury v. Madison

The Lau v. Nichols case is an example of the Court
Choose one answer.
a. interpreting the meaning of federal laws.
b. using stare decisis.
c. giving an advisory opinion.
d. using judicial review.

This comprises the largest block of the Court’s cases.
Choose one answer.
a. due process of law
b. economic issues
c. federal legislation
d. civil liberties

2This is not a limit on the Court’s power.
Choose one answer.
a. congressional jurisdiction
b. checks and balances
c. restriction of types of issues
d. lack of enforcement power

This person assigns the writing of opinions to the justices.
Choose one answer.
a. chief law clerk
b. President
c. Chief Justice of the United States
d. swing voter

The President’s most important influence over the Court is the power to
Choose one answer.
a. appoint justices with Senate consent.
b. demand judicial review.
c. override a decision.
d. veto a ruling.

This President appointed four justices to the Court.
Choose one answer.
a. Bill Clinton
b. Jimmy Carter
c. Ronald Reagan
d. Richard Nixon

The number of justices on the Court is set by
Choose one answer.
a. Congress.
b. the President.
c. popular vote.
d. the Electoral College.

The Court may reverse its earlier decision because of
Choose one answer.
a. changes in American society.
b. a congressional amendment.
c. an error in the first decision.
d. the President’s request.

This is at the heart of the United States political system.
Choose one answer.
a. human rights
b. freedom of religion
c. executive privilege
d. freedom of the press

This guarantees that government cannot abuse the rights of individuals.
Choose one answer.
a. picketing
b. the jury system
c. the Bill of Rights
d. free exercise clause

This process extends the Bill of Rights to protect individuals from all levels of government.
Choose one answer.
a. incorporation
b. establishment clause
c. free exercise clause
d. naturalization

Gitlow v. New York nationalized the Fourteenth Amendment over this issue.
Choose one answer.
a. right to bear arms
b. freedom of the press
c. freedom of speech
d. freedom of religion

This allows citizens to take their cases to a higher court.
Choose one answer.
a. sedition
b. liberalization
c. nationalization
d. rationalization

Thomas Jefferson believed this builds a wall of separation between church and state.
Choose one answer.
a. theory of evolution
b. Pledge of Allegiance
c. Fourteenth Amendment
d. First Amendment

Schools operated by a church or religious group are called
Choose one answer.
a. secular schools.
b. public schools.
c. state schools.
d. parochial schools

This allows student religious groups to meet in high schools receiving federal funds.
Choose one answer.
a. free exercise clause
b. establishment clause
c. Engle v. Vitale
d. Equal Access Act

In Board of Education v. Allen, the Court upheld state programs to provide these to parochial schools.
Choose one answer.
a. school buses
b. class periods for prayer
c. secular textbooks
d. free lunches

These cases illustrate how the Court can change its interpretation of the Constitution.
Choose one answer.
a. aid to parochial schools cases
b. federal lunch program cases
c. access cases
d. flag salute cases

The verbal expression of thought and opinion before an audience is
Choose one answer.
a. symbolic speech.
b. libel.
c. pure speech.
d. slander.

Expression involving actions and symbols is
Choose one answer.
a. libel.
b. slander.
c. symbolic speech.
d. pure speech.

This urges resistance to lawful authority or advocates the overthrow of the government.
Choose one answer.
a. defamatory speech
b. seditious speech
c. libel
d. slander

This holds that First Amendment freedoms are more fundamental than other freedoms.
Choose one answer.
a. establishment clause
b. sedition laws
c. bad tendency doctrine
d. preferred position doctrine

The Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier case gives school officials authority to regulate
Choose one answer.
a. student speech.
b. student dress.
c. religious meetings at school.
d. student conduct.

These give reporters protection against being forced to disclose confidential information.
Choose one answer.
a. shield laws
b. prior restraint laws
c. gag orders
d. sequester laws

These have more First Amendment protection than broadcasters, but less than newspapers.
Choose one answer.
a. radio programs
b. advertisers
c. cable operators
d. motion picture producers

The Court ruled that liberty of expression by these means is guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth amendments.
Choose one answer.
a. radio and television stations
b. infomercials
c. electronic messages
d. motion pictures

Congress passed the Communications Decency Act to deal with this.
Choose one answer.
a. radio and television
b. advertising
c. motion pictures
d. the Internet

This is considered commercial speech and is given less protection under the First Amendment.
Choose one answer.
a. Web sites
b. motion pictures
c. a radio or television program
d. advertising

Without this basic freedom, there would be no political parties.
Choose one answer.
a. freedom of assembly
b. freedom to libel
c. freedom of religion
d. freedom of the press

Holocaust survivors in Skokie, Illinois, illustrated a free speech and assembly problem called the
Choose one answer.
a. freedom of assembly veto.
b. public veto law.
c. parade permit law.
d. heckler’s veto.

This case stands as a precedent that police may disperse a demonstration to keep the peace.
Choose one answer.
a. Adderly v. Florida
b. Gregory v. Chicago
c. the Irving Feiner case
d. DeJonge v. Oregon

Unless there is a labor dispute, the Court has upheld laws that prohibit
Choose one answer.
a. assembly on public property.
b. protection for marchers.
c. picketing near a public school.
d. assembly on private property.

This was used by the Court to uphold the conviction of 11 American Communist Party leaders.
Choose one answer.
a. Jones Act
b. Communist Sedition Act
c. Anti-Communist Act
d. Alien Registration Act

Immigrants are these until they become naturalized citizens.
Choose one answer.
a. refugees
b. non-resident aliens
c. resident aliens
d. illegal aliens

This term refers to a person living in the United States who is a citizen of a nation at war with the United States.
Choose one answer.
a. illegal alien
b. resident alien
c. non-resident alien
d. enemy alien

The state with the largest number of immigrants is
Choose one answer.
a. New York.
b. Texas.
c. Florida.
d. California.

This law provided a way for illegal immigrants to become permanent residents.
Choose one answer.
a. Immigration Reform Act of 1965
b. National Origins Quotas Act
c. Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
d. Immigration Act of 1990

By 1990, 85 percent of immigrants who came to the United States came from
Choose one answer.
a. Cuba.
b. Russia.
c. Europe.
d. Asia and Latin America.

This legal process grants a person the rights and privileges of a citizen.
Choose one answer.
a. expatriation
b. naturalization
c. jus sanguinis
d. jus soli

This makes state citizenship an automatic result of national citizenship.
Choose one answer.
a. jus sanguinis
b. naturalization
c. jus soli
d. Fourteenth Amendment

Through this process, a group of people become naturalized citizens.
Choose one answer.
a. denaturalization
b. expatriation
c. exceptional naturalization
d. collective naturalization

Giving up one’s citizenship and living in another country is called
Choose one answer.
a. expatriation.
b. jus soli.
c. collective naturalization.
d. denaturalization.

The loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process is called
Choose one answer.
a. collective naturalization.
b. denaturalization.
c. jus sanguinis.
d. expatriation.

This rule holds that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a federal court.
Choose one answer.
a. exclusionary rule
b. double jeopardy rule
c. self-incrimination rule
d. self-counsel rule

To conduct wiretapping, eavesdropping, and electronic surveillances, you need
Choose one answer.
a. willing participants.
b. counsel.
c. a warrant.
d. the FBI.

This principle means a person may not be tried twice for the same crime.
Choose one answer.
a. exclusionary rule
b. self-incrimination
c. jus sanguinis
d. double jeopardy

This forbids cruel and unusual punishment.
Choose one answer.
a. exclusionary rule
b. Fifth Amendment
c. Eighth Amendment
d. double jeopardy

In Gregg v. Georgia, the Court ruled that under adequate guidelines, this is acceptable.
Choose one answer.
a. double jeopardy
b. the death penalty
c. search and seizure without a warrant
d. self-incrimination

This means that the Court will uphold a state law that is based on reasonably related classification.
Choose one answer.
a. rational basis test
b. classification law
c. suspect classification
d. fundamental right

This classification is made on the basis of race or national origin.
Choose one answer.
a. classification law
b. rational basis
c. suspect classification
d. Jim Crow classification

These rights go to the heart of the United States system.
Choose one answer.
a. classification rights
b. rational basis law rights
c. fundamental rights
d. Jim Crow rights

Laws that classify people unreasonably are said to
Choose one answer.
a. be fundamental rights.
b. be just classifications.
c. have a rational basis.
d. be discriminatory.

This overruled the separate-but-equal doctrine.
Choose one answer.
a. sit-ins
b. strikes
c. the Civil Rights Act
d. Brown v. Board of Education

When one qualified individual loses out to another because of race, ethnicity, or gender, it may be because of
Choose one answer.
a. affirmative action policies.
b. the Nineteenth Amendment.
c. the Washington ruling.
d. the Civil Rights Act.

The Reed decision created a new standard for judging constitutionality in these types of discrimination cases.
Choose one answer.
a. social status
b. economic status
c. gender
d. race

This act requires federal agencies to provide citizens access to public records.
Choose one answer.
a. Freedom of Information Act
b. Security Classification Act
c. Civil Rights Act
d. Women’s Equality Act

This act allows your parents to check your school records.
Choose one answer.
a. Freedom of Information Act
b. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act
c. Civil Rights Act
d. Sunshine Act

To protect consumers, this was rewritten in 1996.
Choose one answer.
a. Freedom of Information Act
b. Citizens Right to Privacy Act
c. Sunshine Act
d. Fair Credit Reporting Act

This is not a provision of a state constitution.
Choose one answer.
a. establish state agencies
b. regulate the raising and spending of money
c. establish local government
d. override the U.S. Constitution

major reason for the lengthy and detailed state constitutions has to do with
Choose one answer.
a. constitutional conventions.
b. constitutional commissions.
c. politics.
d. initiatives.

This is not a method for proposing a state amendment.
Choose one answer.
a. constitutional commission’s initiative
b. popular initiative
c. the Governor’s initiative
d. state legislatures’ initiative

This is a gathering of citizens, usually elected by popular vote, who meet to consider changing or replacing a constitution.
Choose one answer.
a. constitutional convention
b. constitutional commission
c. popular initiative group
d. grass roots organization

This is a group of experts appointed to study the state constitution and recommend changes.
Choose one answer.
a. constitutional commission
b. constitutionalists
c. state initiative appointees
d. constitutional convention

The number by which the vote of a winning candidate exceeds that of his or her closest opponent is called a/an
Choose one answer.
a. plurality.
b. majority.
c. minority.
d. initiative.

This service often is used as a state militia under the Governor’s control.
Choose one answer.
a. National Guard
b. Air Force
c. Army
d. Marines

This gives a Governor the power to turn down one section in a piece of legislation.
Choose one answer.
a. regressive veto
b. mandate
c. plurality
d. item veto

This person supervises the legal activities of all state agencies.
Choose one answer.
a. Governor
b. secretary of state
c. Lieutenant Governor
d. attorney general

In this type of legal case, the state brings charges against a citizen for violating the law.
Choose one answer.
a. criminal case
b. judicial court case
c. federal court case
d. civil case

An organization that supplies such necessities as electricity, gas, or telephone service is called a
Choose one answer.
a. grass roots organization.
b. public charter company.
c. corporate charter company.
d. public utility

This is payment for people unable to work as a result of a job-related injury or ill health.
Choose one answer.
a. victim compensation
b. workers’ compensation
c. unemployment compensation
d. mandatory compensation

This is a system of fixed, required terms of imprisonment for certain types of crimes.
Choose one answer.
a. shock incarceration
b. shock probation
c. mandatory sentencing
d. house arrest

This means that a prisoner serves the rest of his or her sentence in the community under the supervision of an officer.
Choose one answer.
a. extradition
b. house arrest
c. shock probation
d. parole

This was designed to show young offenders how terrible prison life could be.
Choose one answer.
a. shock probation
b. parole
c. shock incarceration
d. house arrest

Sales tax is this type of tax because it represents a higher percentage of the income of lower-income earners.
Choose one answer.
a. regressive tax
b. proportional tax
c. federal grant tax
d. progressive tax

A tax that varies with a person’s ability to pay is called a/an
Choose one answer.
a. regressive tax.
b. excise tax.
c. progressive tax.
d. sales tax.

A contractual promise on the part of the borrower to repay a loan is a
Choose one answer.
a. mandate.
b. lottery.
c. block grant.
d. bond.

Revenue distributed by one level of government to another is called
Choose one answer.
a. excise tax.
b. intergovernmental revenue.
c. a bond.
d. a mandate.

A large grant of money to be used for a general purpose, such as public health, is a
Choose one answer.
a. categorical-formula grant.
b. block grant.
c. bond.
d. mandate.

These serve as the centerpieces of town government in New England.
Choose one answer.
a. county boards
b. town meetings
c. special districts
d. urban meetings

This is a town, borough, city, or urban district with a charter.
Choose one answer.
a. township
b. special district
c. municipality
d. county

The local school district is the most common example of this form of local government.
Choose one answer.
a. special district
b. county
c. municipal
d. township

This is required for a municipal government.
Choose one answer.
a. incorporation
b. state bonds
c. urban renewal
d. special taxes

This is held to determine whether the people want incorporation.
Choose one answer.
a. council election
b. mayor’s meeting
c. referendum
d. town meeting

Densely settled territory adjacent to a city is called a/an
Choose one answer.
a. suburb.
b. metropolitan township.
c. urban area.
d. special district.

The most common unit of local government, these are found in every state.
Choose one answer.
a. municipalities
b. townships
c. special districts
d. suburbs

Land and buildings are called
Choose one answer.
a. personal property.
b. assessment property.
c. real property.
d. market value property.

The process of calculating the value of the property to be taxed is called
Choose one answer.
a. value-added tax.
b. real property process.
c. personal property process.
d. assessment.

The amount of money the owner may expect to receive when a property is sold is the
Choose one answer.
a. personal property value.
b. market value.
c. expenditure.
d. taxed assessment.

Paved streets and sidewalks, pipes, bridges, tunnels, and public buildings make up a city’s
Choose one answer.
a. infrastructure.
b. urban growth.
c. urban renewal.
d. revitalization.

This moves more people, produces less pollution, and consumes less fuel than cars.
Choose one answer.
a. gentrification
b. airplanes
c. urban renewal
d. mass transit

When local governments invest in new facilities to promote economic growth, it is called
Choose one answer.
a. revitalization.
b. gentrification.
c. housing discrimination.
d. suburbanization.

New people moving into a neighborhood and changing its character is
Choose one answer.
a. urban renewal.
b. revitalization.
c. gentrification.
d. urban growth.

One way to address urban problems is to reorganize into a
Choose one answer.
a. series of suburbs.
b. metropolitan government.
c. township.
d. more rural region.

Nations that have democratic elections, political parties, and constitutional government are known as
Choose one answer.
a. presidential governments.
b. parliamentary governments.
c. oligarchies.
d. consolidated democracies.

The leader in the majority party in the House of Commons becomes the
Choose one answer.
a. dictator.
b. prime minister.
c. shah.
d. president.

The United States and France have this type of government.
Choose one answer.
a. assembly government
b. parliamentary government
c. presidential government
d. oligarchy

The French equivalent of prime minister is the
Choose one answer.
a. secretary.
b. president.
c. premier.
d. prime minister.

his was the foundation for Japan’s relations with the Western world.
Choose one answer.
a. technological development
b. Cold War security alliance
c. economic development
d. educational development

The chief obstacles to democracy in countries in Africa south of the Sahara are
Choose one answer.
a. apartheid and classes.
b. ethnic rivalries and economic inequality.
c. free elections.
d. divisions between political parties.

This was South Africa’s first step toward democracy.
Choose one answer.
a. lifting sanctions
b. removing the legal structure of apartheid
c. economic growth
d. war

Mexico was not considered a democracy because it lacked
Choose one answer.
a. a police force.
b. a written constitution.
c. elections.
d. competing political parties.

This was not traditionally a source of power of the president of Mexico.
Choose one answer.
a. leadership of the PRI
b. commander in chief of the armed forces
c. appoints military officers
d. appointed to office

Electoral reforms introduced by President Ernesto Zedillo set the stage for
Choose one answer.
a. continued dominance of the PRI.
b. bureaucratic corruption.
c. a PAN majority in Congress.
d. the election of Vicente Fox.

At every level of China’s government, officials referred to as this hold key posts.
Choose one answer.
a. authoritarian diplomats
b. faqih
c. cadre
d. shah

Leadership in China rests on this, rather than on position.
Choose one answer.
a. popularity
b. background
c. political savvy
d. political party ties

Under this man, Cuba became a Communist dictatorship.
Choose one answer.
a. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
b. Fidel Castro
c. Mao Zedong
d. Saddam Hussein

Iranian Muslim leaders opposed this leader.
Choose one answer.
a. the president
b. the cadre
c. the shah
d. the faqih

This is the top religious-political leader in Iran.
Choose one answer.
a. the faqih
b. the priest
c. the cadre
d. the shah

This is protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion.
Choose one answer.
a. global security
b. international security
c. bloc security
d. national security

The creation of world stability as a result of the interaction of many nations is called
Choose one answer.
a. global security.
b. trading blocs.
c. international security.
d. national security.

The safety of the entire world is called
Choose one answer.
a. national security.
b. peace security.
c. global security.
d. international security.

The EU is a
Choose one answer.
a. national security alliance.
b. global security pact.
c. common trading market.
d. military aggression pact.

This is the purpose of the United Nations’ Security Council.
Choose one answer.
a. peacekeeping
b. educational
c. economic
d. agriculture

Habit and custom dictate the rules for all economic activity in this system.
Choose one answer.
a. market
b. mixed economy
c. traditional
d. command

This economic system allows buyers and sellers to act in their individual interests.
Choose one answer.
a. market
b. command
c. mixed
d. traditional

The students who began Food from the ‘Hood are examples of
Choose one answer.
a. a command economy.
b. entrepreneurs.
c. a traditional economy.
d. free trade movements.

The opposite of competition, this exists when an industry includes only one seller.
Choose one answer.
a. entrepreneurship
b. monopoly
c. command economy market
d. oligopoly

The difference between the amount of money taken in and the amount needed to run a business is the
Choose one answer.
a. factors of production.
b. profit.
c. loss.
d. gross income.

States that have had significant industrial growth in recent years are called
Choose one answer.
a. developed nations.
b. newly developed nations.
c. developing nations.
d. undeveloped nations.

Under this economic system, the government owns some factors of production.
Choose one answer.
a. naturalization
b. capitalism
c. socialism
d. communism

Under this economic system, the government owns all factors of production.
Choose one answer.
a. free enterprise
b. capitalism
c. socialism
d. communism

When government takes control of industry, it is called
Choose one answer.
a. economic sanctions.
b. free enterprise.
c. capitalism.
d. nationalization.

The United States has exercised influence on developing nations in favor of
Choose one answer.
a. nationalization.
b. socialism.
c. communism.
d. free markets and democracy

On this type of farm, the government owns the land and rents it to families.
Choose one answer.
a. socialist farms
b. collective farms
c. capitalist farms
d. state farms

The bureaucracy that managed every detail of Soviet production bred
Choose one answer.
a. labor unrest.
b. economic freedom.
c. economic stagnation.
d. a state of equality.

Inefficiency on state-run Soviet farms was widespread because
Choose one answer.
a. farmers had little incentive to work hard.
b. of severe droughts.
c. the soil was bad.
d. perestroika made farming difficult.

This put an end to the Soviet Union.
Choose one answer.
a. the Commonwealth of Independent States
b. perestroika
c. a government coup
d. Russia’s revolt

In 1996 and 2000, Russia took steps toward achieving democratic government by
Choose one answer.
a. ending war with the Soviet Union.
b. writing a constitution.
c. holding elections.
d. asking the U.S. for aid.

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Marks: 2
The principle which states that each country should produce those goods it can make more efficiently and purchase those that other nations make more efficiently is called
Choose one answer.
a. international trade zone.
b. comparative advantage.
c. global interdependence.
d. trading blocs.

Economic growth does not depend on
Choose one answer.
a. presidential elections.
b. stable markets.
c. economic freedom.
d. investment capital.

Although this country’s economic growth slowed in the 1990s, it was the dominant economy of Asia.
Choose one answer.
a. Thailand
b. Japan
c. South Korea
d. China

This is a factor in the growing gap between rich and poor areas.
Choose one answer.
a. uneven population growth
b. military dictators
c. quotas
d. tariffs

Multinational corporations will continue to play a role in
Choose one answer.
a. the developing global economy.
b. deciding international policy.
c. global education.
d. national security.