Globalization and Diversity: Geography of a Changing World (Ch. 1) – Flashcards

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northeastern mountain range in Mexico
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Sierra Madre Oriental
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Globalization
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the increasing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change
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Transitional Firms
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Do global business through international subsidiaries, disrupt local ecosystems in their incessant search for natural resources and manufacturing sites
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Sweatshops
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Crude factories in which workers sew clothing, assemble sneakers, and perform other labor-intensive tasks for extremely low wages
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Rate of National Increase (RNI)
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Depicts the annual growth rate for a country or region as a percentage
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
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Synthetical hypothetical number that measures the fertility of a statistically fictitious yet average group of women moving through their childbearing years
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Population Pyramid
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Plots the percentage of all different age groups along a vertical axis that divides the population into male and female
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Demographic Transition Model
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A four-stage conceptualization that tracks changes in birthrates and death rates through time as a population urbanizes
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Net Migration Rate
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A statistic that depicts whether more people are entering or leaving a country
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Urbanized Population
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The percentage of a country's population living in cities
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Culture
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Learned, not innate, and is shared behavior held in common by a group of people, empowering them with what could be called a "way of life"
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Cultural Imperialism
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Active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of another
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Cultural Syncretism or Hybridization
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The blending of forces to form a new, synergist form of culture
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Lingua Franca
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When people from different cultural groups cannot communicate directly in their native languages, they often agree on a third language to serve as a common tongue
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Universalizing Religions
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Attempt to appeal to all peoples, regardless of location or culture; these religions usually have a proselytizing or missionary program that actively seeks new converts
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Ethnic Religions
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Religion that remains identified closely with a specific ethnic, tribal, or national group
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Secularization
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When people consider themselves either nonreligious or outright atheistic
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Nation-State
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A relatively homogenous cultural group with its own fully independent political territory
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Centrifugal Forces
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Cultural and political forces acting to weaken or divide an existing state; they pull away from the center
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Centripetal Forces
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Forces that promote political unity and reinforce the state structure that counteract dissipating forces
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Asymmetrical Warfare
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A term that aptly describes the differences between a superpower's military technology and strategy and the lower-level technology and guerrilla tactics used by Al Qaeda and the Taliban
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Colonialism
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The formal establishment of rule over a foreign population
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Decolonialization
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The process of a colony's gaining (or regaining) control over its territory and establishing a separate, independent government
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Core-Periphery Model
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A scheme where the US, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan constituted the global economic core of the north, whereas most of the areas to the south made up a less-developed global periphery
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
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The value of all final goods and services produced within the borders
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Gross National Income (GNI)
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When net income from abroad is combined with the nation's GDP
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Gross National Income per capita
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When the country's GNI is divided by its population
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Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
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An adjustment that takes into account the strength or weakness of local currencies
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Human Development Index (HDI)
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Combines data on life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, gender equity, and income
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