Glencoe World History Chapter 19 Terminology – Flashcards

The transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation.

Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901.

English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice. Wrote Oliver Twist.

A person who often refers to the trend beginning with certain works of nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century authors in various countries, making depictions of contemporary life and society “as they were.”

Cotton/textile, coal, transportation.

The quantity of these increased due to the Industrial Revolution.

Austrian minister, believed in the policies of legitimacy and intervention (the military to crush revolts against legitimacy). Leader of the Congress of Vienna.

An economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies.

German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united.

Politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

An intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the 18th century in reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing.

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection.

Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry.

A system in which society, usually in the form of a government, owns and controls the means of production.

A political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion.

An idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where they are revolutions to restore legitimate governments.

A war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia.

A mid-19th century movement that rejected romanticism and it sought to portray lower and middle class life as it actually was.

This term is used when the rock is sufficiently rich in iron minerals to be mined economically.

British law created in response to child labor that limited the factory workday for some children and put minimum age requirements on employment for others.

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order and establish a plan for a new balance of power after the defeat of Napoleon.

English engineer who built the first railway locomotive.

An economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard.

A vote by the electorate determining public opinion on a question of national importance.

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship.

The agreement between the Hapsburg Emperor and the Hungarians to give Hungary considerable administrative rights to self-govern in 1867.
Transformed the Hapsburg Empire into a dual monarchy.

French writer of novels and short stories. Wrote Madame Bovary.

Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state.

Garibaldi’s army of 1000 red-shirted volunteers.

Small-scale industry that can be carried on at home by family members using their own equipment.

A series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions.

French painter noted for his realistic depiction of everyday scenes.

Inventor of the puddling system in which coke was used to burn away impurities in pig iron to produce an iron of high quality.

A Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe. Created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and lasted until the end of World War I; although initially small it expanded until it superseded the Byzantine Empire.

He was king of Sardinia, Piedmont and Savory until 1861 when he was crowned the first king of a united Italy.