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Hernando deSoto

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1537-1540 Represented Spain Explored GA and southeast N.A. Brought death and destruction to Indians.

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James Oglethorpe

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Asked King George II for a new colony in America. In respect for the King the colony would be called Georgia. Oglethorpe had planned for the colony to be a debtors colony.

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John Percival

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Helped Oglethorpe create the new colony in America.

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Tomochichi

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The chief of the Yamacraw Indians. In order for colonist to settle in GA he had to give them permission.

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Mary Musgrove

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She was an Indian who married an Englishman. She was the translator for Oglethorpe and Tomochichi. She spoke both English and the language of the Yamacraws.

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Salzburgers

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Came from Salzburg, Austria. They were escaping religious persecution.Created Ebenezer and New Ebenezer. Lead by John Martin Bolzius.

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Malcontents

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Were colonist who opposed Oglethorpe's laws. These people were the people who hated the laws so strongly they wrote letters and tried to have Oglethorpe change the law.

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Scottish Highlanders

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Created the town of Darien. Were recruited by Oglethorpe to act as settler soldiers to protect the frontiers of Georgia from the Spanish in Florida, the French in the Alabama, and their Indian allies.

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Austin Dabney

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black soldier who was seriously wounded in the Battle of Kettle Creek; received land and freedom for his fighting in the Revolutionary War.

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Nancy Hart

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Legendary war woman of the American Revolution; her most famous account was her tricking and killing of a group of Tories.

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Button Gwinnett

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elected to the Commons House of Assembly in 1769; favored independence and was appointed to serve as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776; signed the Declaration of Independence; died after a duel with Lachlan McIntosh

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Lyman Hall

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represented Ga in the 2nd contenintal congress , he was declared a enemy of the crown after he signed the declaration of independence

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George Walton

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Another of Georgia's signers, was the youngest member to sign the declaration of independence

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Abraham Baldwin

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delegate from GA who signed the U.S. Constitution; known for taking the side of the small states and serving on the committee to work out the Great Compromise.

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William Few

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Signed the Constitution for Georgia; , One of Ga's 2 delegates at the Constitutional Convention

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Sequoyah

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Cherokee who created a notation for writing the Cherokee language (1770-1843)

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John Ross

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Cherokee chief who went to court in Georgia to protect the Cherokees' right to own their own land when the government gave the land to new settlers

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Worcester v GA

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Court case in which high court ruled that laws of Georgia had no force within the Cherokee territory

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Andrew Jackson

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..., The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

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Elijah Clarke

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Patriot leader for the Georgia militia during the Revolution; led troops at Battle of Kettle Creek

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Robert E. Lee

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A General for the confederates, fought many battles. One of his main plans towards the end of the civil war was to wait for a new president to come into office to make peace with. Fought Peninsular Campaign, 2nd battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (with Jackson), and Gettysburg.

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Ulysses S. Grant

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..., an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

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William T. Sherman

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an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy and criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States

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Alexander Stephens

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He was the vice-president of the Confederacy until 1865 when it was defeated and destroyed by the Union. Like the other leaders of the Confederacy, he was under indictment for treason.

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Ku Klux Klan

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A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights

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Henry McNeal Turner

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One of the first African Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868; however he was expelled from his position on the grounds he could vote but could not hold office, according to the Constitution. During this time he spoke on how if African Americans wanted fair treatment immediately they needed to return to Africa.

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Henry Grady

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Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, preached about economically diversified South with industries and small farms, and absent of the influence of the pre-war planter elite in the political world.

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Bourbon Triumvirate

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Joseph E. Brown(ex-Confederate governor), John B. Gordon and Alfred H. Colquitt (ex-Confederate gennerals) maintained power from 1872-1890 focused on industrializing the stated for their own profit

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Tom Watson and the Populists

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Georgia's best known populist. Populism is a political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite. They pushed for elections held by government instead of a political party. Tom Watson introduced Rural Free Delivery bill (RFD) to deliver mail free to people in rural areas so they would not have to come to town to get their mail.

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Rebecca Latimer Felton

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Leader in suffrage for women, temperance movement, and helped get rid of the Convict Lease System. Oldest and First woman U.S. senator (honorary position).

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Leo Frank

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He was a Jewish superintendent of a company that was charged with the murder of Mary Phagan, a 14 year old girl. He was at first sentenced to be hanged, but the sentence was changed to life in prison. Soon, armed men broke into the prison and lynched Leo near Mary Phagan's home.

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Booker T. Washington

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(1856-1915) Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was founder of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. Was criticized for \"accomodating\" segregation.

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W.E.B. DuBois

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1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910

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John & Lugenia Burns/Hope

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John Hope was an important African American educator and race leader of the early twentieth century. In 1906 he became the first black president of Morehouse College—the alma mater of Martin Luther King Jr.—in Atlanta. Twenty-three years later, in 1929, Hope went on to become the first African American president of Atlanta University (later Clark Atlanta University). Under his leadership, Atlanta University became the first college in the nation to focus exclusively on graduate education for African American students. As a race leader, Hope was steadfast in his support of public education, adequate housing, health care, job opportunities, and recreational facilities for blacks in Atlanta and across the nation. He also supported full civil rights in the South during an era when African Americans were expected to accommodate a system of inequality.

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Alonzo Herndon

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After gaining his freedom, he started a chain of barber shops and the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company. At his death, he was the wealthiest African American in Atlanta.

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John Pemberton

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Founder of Coca-Cola. Was a non-alcoholic drink because of the alcohol ban. Actually became more popular than his original drinks by the time the ban was lifted. Was also a famous pharmacist. Practiced chemistry a lot in his off-time. Greatly assisted the Department of Agriculture by revealing how some things are harmful.

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Asa Candler

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bought Coke for $2,300 in 1891, , bought coke brand and expanded it with promotional give always and unique advertising would soon become a multi-million dollar product

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Bernie Marcus

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contributed to the foundation of Marcus Institute for Autism, the GA Aquarium, and Home Depot. Along with Arthur Blank

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Arthur Blank

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I am a co-founder of Home Depot and owner of the Atlanta Falcons.

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Owen Cheatham

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founder of GA Pacific, in 1928 in Augusta GA. Started out as a wholesaler of hardwood lumber.

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C.E. Woolman

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Founder of Delta Airlines

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Eugene Talmadge

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He became governor of Georgia in 1933. He was a white supremacist who compared himself to Tom Watson. He did not like the intervention of Federal government. He didn't like the New Deal programs and Georgia didn't benefit from them until after Talmadge left office., This Great Depression GA governor spoke strongly against the New Deal, blacks, and metropolitan areas.

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Civilian Conservation Corps

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Relief: (CCC) March 31, 1933; reduced poverty/unemployment, helped young men and families; young men go to rural camps for 6 months to do construction work; $1/day; intended to help youth escape cities; concerned with soil erosion, state/national parks, telephone/power lines; 40 hr weeks

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Agricultural Adjustment Act

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Recovery: (AAA); May 12, 1933; restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936

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Bell aircraft

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The Bell Aircraft Corporation was an aircraft manufacturer of the United States, a builder of several types of fighter aircraft for World War II but most famous for the Bell X-1 and B-29 bombers, the first supersonic aircraft, and for the development and production of many important civilian and military helicopters.

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Richard Russell

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..member of US Senate. He advised presidents to set up military bases throughout world to help protect places in times of need. He was also founder of National School Lunch Act. After feeding the military, the leftover food was used to feed children school lunches.

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Carl Vinson

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He is referred to the \"Father of the two-ocean Navy.\" He represented Georgia in the House of Representatives for 25 consecutive years. He helped pass two legislations that helped the military. He is why we have military bases in foreign lands and he used his power to bring war time industries to Georgia during WWII.

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President Roosevelt

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Aggressive foreign policy: believed the world was divided between civilized and uncivilized nations. Expanded the power of the U.S. Navy, created the Joint Chief of Staff (advisors to the Secretary of War), mediated he Portsmouth peace conference, ending the Russo-Japanese War and earning him the Nobel Peace Prize. Started New Deal

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William Hartsfield

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He served as the mayor of Atlanta for 6 terms. He is known for making Atlanta an aviation hub for the Southeast and he helped lead the city in civil rights. He is known as the Father of Atlanta Aviation, avoided the severe racial problems the rest of the South had, and presented Atl as a city too busy to hate.

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Ivan Allen, Jr

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mayor of Atlanta from 1962 to 1970, credited with implementing peaceful paths to integration, first day in office- ordered all \"white\" and \"colored\" signs removed from city hall, desegregated the building's cafeteria, authorized the city's black policemen to arrest whites, hired the city's first black firefighters, only politician from the South to speak in favor of the Civil Rights Act, helped to bring the Braves from Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Atlanta.

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Ellis Arnall

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He defeated Eugene Talmadge for governor. He was the first GA governor to serve a 4 year term. The board of Regents(universities) was no longer under the government's influence. He ended the poll tax and improved the prison systen. He is known for granting 18 year olds the right to vote. He supported measures to help blacks and was known to be honest and efficient.

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Herman Talmadge

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He was the son of Eugene Talmadge. While governor, he reconstructed the state highway department, promoted education, and passed the Minimum Foundation Program for Education Act. It lengthened the school year and put standards for school buildings. He supported State's rights and white supremacy.He later became a U.S. senator.

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Benjamin Mays

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Father of the Modern Civil Rights Movement. President of Atlanta's Morehouse College in 1940. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of his students. Taught a non-violent approach to change

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Brown v. Board of Education

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1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

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1946 governor's race of GA

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Georgia's \"three governors controversy\" of 1946-47, which began with the death of Governor-elect Eugene Talmadge, was one of the more bizarre political spectacles in the annals of American politics. In the wake of Talmadge's death, his supporters proposed a plan that allowed the Georgia legislature to elect a governor in January 1947. When the General Assembly elected Talmadge's son as governor, the newly elected lieutenant governor, Melvin Thompson, claimed the office of governor, and the outgoing governor, Ellis Arnall, refused to leave office. Eventually, the Georgia Supreme Court settled the controversy

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Martin Luther King, Jr.

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1929-1968. Pivotal leader of the American Civil Rights movement. Non-violent leader, became youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination. Led Montgomery Bus Boycott, helped found Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and led March on Washington in 1963 where he delivered \"I have a Dream\" speech.

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Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

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Involved in the American Civil Rights Movement formed by students whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism.

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Sibley Commission

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, government committee called to hold public hearings on desegregating schools, suggested the local areas decide instead of state, found that most Georgians would rather close schools than integrate

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Hamilton Holmes

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Along with Charlayne Hunter, was the 1st black admitted to the GA; Was also the first African American to be admitted to the Emory School of Medicine. In 1983, he became the first African American member of the board of trustees of the UGA Foundation

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Charlayne Hunter

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First African American female admitted to the University of Georgia

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Albany Movement

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was a desegregation coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, quickly became a broad-front nonviolent attack on every aspect of segregation within the city. Bus stations, libraries, and lunch counters reserved for White Americans were occupied by African Americans, boycotts were launched, and hundreds of protesters marched on City Hall.

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March on Washington

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In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his \"I Have a Dream\" speech to more than 250,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial.

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Civil Rights Act

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1964; banned discrimination in public accommodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal

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Maynard Jackson

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He was Atlanta's first black mayor. He created neighborhood planning units. He helped secure Atlanta's selection to have the Olympic Games in 1996.

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Lester Maddox

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Became GA's governor in 1967; had previously owned and forcefully removed African Americans from the restaurant he owned; once governor, appointed more African Americans to positions than all previous governors combined; established People's Days so that people could visit and have discussions with the governor

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Andrew Young

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Aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Ga's first black representative to the House of Representatives since Reconstruction. US Ambassador to the United Nations. Succeeded Jackson as mayor. Brought the Democratic Convention to Georgia and the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta.

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Jimmy Carter

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(1977-1981), Created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He was criticized for his return of the Panama Canal Zone, and because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow and his last year in office was marked by the takeover of the American embassy in Iran, fuel shortages, and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, which caused him to lose to Ronald Regan in the next election. Held highest position of any Georgian.

Georgia Studies.

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