Geology Ch 3 – Flashcards
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What process forms igneous rocks?
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cooling and solidification of magma
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The formation of sedimentary rocks occurs under what conditions?
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weathered particles are cemented and/or compacted.
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Metamorphic rocks can form when which of the following conditions are met?
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Pre-existing rocks undergo metamorphism when they are subjected to heat and pressure without melting.
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Which of the following agents move sediment from one place to another?
rivers
rocks
glaciers
caves
wind
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rivers
glaciers
wind
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While working in the field, you discover an outcrop of metamorphic rocks. What can you conclude from this observation?
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these rocks formed at great depth below the surface.
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While vacationing in Hawaii you notice that the sands on the beach are composed of black sediments. What inferences can you make about these sediments?
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They were derived from the igneous rocks from which the islands were formed.
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Which of the following rock types is most abundant on Earth's land surface?
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Sedimentary rocks
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What is the difference between magma and lava?
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Magma is molten rock located below the surface; lava is molten rock erupted above ground.
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What are the two most important driving forces of metamorphism?
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High heat and pressure
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_____ igneous rocks are those that cool below the surface
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intrusive
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What are the two important processes involved in lithification of sedimentary rocks?
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Cementation and compaction
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An igneous rock becomes buried, is subject to high heat and pressure, and recrystallizes. This rock then is eroded, transported, deposited and subsequently lithified. Which rock types—in order—did the original igneous rock develop into?
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Metamorphic and sedimentary
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As a result of partial melting, magma originates in __________.
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the mantle and crust
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When lava erupts at Earth's surface, what type of rock is produced?
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extrusive
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Pyroclastic debris from a volcanic eruption can include _____.
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ash and cinders
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Why does magma have a tendency to rise after its formation?
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It is less dense than the surrounding rock.
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Most igneous rocks never reach the surface. However, igneous rocks other than those formed in volcanoes are found exposed on many parts of Earth. How do you account for this phenomenon?
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They formed at depth and have been exposed by uplift and erosion.
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The formation of sedimentary rock requires _____.
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weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks
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Which of the following agents is capable of moving sediment from the site of formation to the site of deposition?
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running water
waves
ice
wind
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Which is an example of a sedimentary rock composed of solid masses of intergrown crystals?
conglomerate
rock salt
shale
sandstone
basalt
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rock salt
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You find a sedimentary rock that has all its flat particles aligned in parallel. From this you can infer that _____.
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the particles have been compacted
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Sedimentary rocks that exhibit the intergrowth of crystal masses are generally formed from the products of _____.
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chemical weathering
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a conglomerate?
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A conglomerate is made up of course grains that are poorly sorted.
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How does gypsum form?
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Gypsum forms from evaporation of shallow seas by a chemical process.
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Which environment of deposition is NOT represented by the rocks in Capitol Reef National Park?
near shore
desert
tidal zone
volcanic
glacial
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glacial
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What does the term aeolian mean?
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wind-borne origin
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Metamorphism involves the transformation of pre-existing rocks by _____.
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heat and pressure
