Geology #4 – Flashcards

Which of the following rivers is the largest river in North America?

Which of the following choices does not directly affect stream velocity?

The amount of meandering that occurs in a stream influences the gradient in which of the following ways?

Which of the following would increase flow velocity?

What is the longitudinal profile?

How will channel velocity change along the longitudinal profile of a stream?

Particles moving by saltation are transported in the _______ load.

The process that causes dissolution of limestone bedrock in a stream is ______.

Which of the following beds would be easiest for a stream to erode?

Which of the following particle sizes is most likely to make up a stream's suspended load?

Which part of a stream's sediment load moves the slowest?

________ is the maximum load of solid particles a stream can transport per unit time.

________ is a measure of a stream's ability to transport particles based on size rather than quantity.

What is the term for sediment deposited by streams?

Which of the following locations is a likely place to find a braided stream?

What type of stream is associated with the formation of an oxbow lake?

What is the dominant fluvial process in a clear, sediment-poor stream moving down a steep slope?

Which processes result in the widening of the floodplain of a meandering stream?

Where do deposition and erosion of material occur along a meander?

What is an oxbow lake?

How are oxbow lakes formed?

What is a meander scar?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a graded stream? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

What is base level?

What is the ultimate base level?

A(n) ________ stream is a stream that is in equilibrium and is neither eroding or depositing material, but simply transporting it.

What is a floodplain?

What is a natural levee?

How does the formation of a natural levee impact flooding?

Levee

Alluvial Fan

What type of drainage pattern would you expect to find developing on rocks that have been folded and exposed by differential erosion over time?

While working on a stream in your field study area, you find that the channel width is 20 meters, the channel depth is 2 meters, and the velocity is 1.2 meters/second. What is the discharge of this stream?

What is the stream gradient of the Arkansas River between the two placemarks in the Stream Gradient folder?

The geographical area that is drained by a river and that contributes water to a river system

A delta forms here, where the velocity of the water flow decreases and deposition is highest

The volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given amount of time is a rivers

Has steep gradient, high channel roughness

A stream with a low to moderate gradient, varying most of its load in suspension should have

A river with a well develop _____ had a flat low lying channels and experiences flooding during periods of high discard

represents the longitudinal profile of the slope of a streambed?

zone of erosion which zone?

zone of transportation which zone?

zone of deposition which zone?

Which of the following statements is true?

According to scientists and engineers, which of the following is the best type of flood control?

Match the type of flood with the correct definition. Ice-Jam Floods

Match the type of flood with the correct definition. Dam-Failure Floods

Match the type of flood with the correct definition. Regional Floods

Match the type of flood with the correct definition. Flash Floods

The term used by geologists for all water flowing in a channel is _____.

Which part of the stream system has the highest average flow velocity?

Most streams transport the greatest amount of sediment as part of the _____ load.

For a meandering stream, the majority of erosion occurs _____.

Which of the following statements characterize the activity of glaciers and their impact on the landscape?

Compared with the amount of ice that existed during the last glacial maximum, how much exists today?

During the last glacial maximum, the position of sea level occurred at what elevation relative to its position today?

If all the ice that currently exists on Earth were to melt in the next 300-400 years, which of the following cities would have the least difficulty?

You are working in a field area that you think at one time contained valley glaciers. What evidence would you look for to determine this?

Where do glaciers form?

What is the snowline?

What is the zone of wastage?

Under what conditions will the front of a glacier remain stationary?

What is an end moraine?

How does an end moraine form?

Will plucking occur if a glacier is NOT advancing?

Match the type of glacier with the correct definition. Valley glacier

Match the type of glacier with the correct definition. Ice sheet

If an ice sheet moved from the southern end of Hudson Bay to the south shore of present-day Lake Erie, a distance of 1600 kilometers, what would be the maximum amount of time required?

For the same range of ice sheet movement rates, 50 to 320 meters per year, calculate the minimum number of years required for an ice sheet to move the same distance of 1600 kilometers.

Which part of a glacier will see the build-up of ice and snow over the course of a full year?

How does a glacier lose ice through sublimation?

Which of the following budget scenarios describes a glacial advance?

During a glacial retreat, a glacier will flow _____ while the terminus moves _____ forward; backward.

The terminus of a glacier will advance when which of the following conditions is met?

Which of the following best describes the position and/or migration of the snowline on an active glacier?

Working in a mountain valley that contains an alpine glacier, you discover a series of end moraines in the valley. As you move up toward the glacier, what conclusions can you expect to make about the moraines?

During the Cold War, a B-52 bomber accidentally dropped an unarmed nuclear device on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Upon returning to the drop zone many years later, the device had gone missing. As a glaciologist on the project, where should you look for the missing device?

Which is the best definition of glacial snow line?

Which way does ice flow in a glacier retreating uphill?

How would a snow line on a glacier move as a glacial front is advancing?

How would you expect the front of a glacier to move if it undergoes a period of net accumulation, followed by net wastage, and finally a period of net accumulation?

________ is an elevation point above which snow remains throughout the year.

________ is an erosional method where meltwater penetrates fractures in subglacial bedrock and freezes.

Which part of a glacier is responsible for abrasion and plucking?

A __________ is defined as a chain of glacial lakes where each lake flows into the next.

What is the term for a glacial lake formed in a depression as the result of the burial of a large piece of ice in an outwash plain that later melted?

Which of the following glacial features is not composed of stratified drift?

What is the correct term for a valley that has been scoured by glacial erosion and later filled with seawater?

Flow of glacial ice can be determined by the structure of some of the deposits left behind as glaciers have retreated. Which of the following features can be used as an indicator of ice flow direction?

The formation of a hanging valley occurs when which of the following conditions exists?

What shape will glacial troughs generally display?

A ________ is a small, circular lake that will occupy a cirque.

A(n) ________ is a sharp, knife-edged ridge that forms between two valley glaciers.

Which of the following is a characteristic of glacial till?

________ are stratified sands and gravels carried away from the glacial terminus by meltwater

________ is fine silt generated by glaciers that can be carried for long distances by the wind.

________ is unsorted, unstratified, bimodal sediment directly deposited by the glacial ice.

Which moraine marks the furthest extent of glacial ice?

Which moraine would be most useful for tracing valuable gold deposits back to their bedrock source area?

What was the most recent episode of glaciation in North America?

Which orbital effect describes how the shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun will change over time?

What is the critical latitude for incoming solar radiation, which could affect the formation of ice sheets?

How many years does one complete cycle of precession take?

What effect will an increased angle of tilt have on the Earth's climate?

Which of the following scenarios will have the greatest chance of triggering an ice age?

Which of the following is not part of the Milankovitch Cycle?

What is the term used for the pulverized rock produced by the grinding power of glacial ice?

What is the head of a glacial valley called?