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ethologists

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study peoples sense of territoriality

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cognitive images

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the images that come to mind when we think of a place, any place.

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vernacular landscape

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Everyday, mundane lived-in landscape

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proxemics

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a study of the social and cultural meanings that give people personal space- for example how near or distant you like to sit near others in class

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topophilia

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the longing or ongoing attatchment that a migrant may have to their homeland

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recognizing that landscapes both produce and communicate meaning allows us to

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interpret local and national values, priorities, histories, cultural practices

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semiotics

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the study of embedding signs and symbols in the landscape that send messages about identity, beliefs, practices, and values - in which we can learn to read and interpret

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slow cities movenment

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the concept of community life

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landscape-as-text

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holds that some people actively shape the landscape

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territoriality

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regulates access to people, resources, regulates social interaction, and provides a focus of group membership and identity

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modernism

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the telegraph, the telephone, the x-ray, the motion picture, the radio, the bicycle, the internal combustion engine, the airplane, the skyscraper, relativity theory, and psychoanalysis are included in

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economies of scale

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the cost advantages that manufacturers get from high-volume production

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no

answer

is economic development even over space?

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sustainable development

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economic development meets the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

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postindustrial

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the highest level of per capita GDP are found in the economies where the tertiary and quaternary sectors dominate the workforce

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neo-fordism

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flexible production, distribution and marketing systems are specifically associated with

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"dependency" for peripheral countries

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dependent on core countries for demand, investment, technology, and imports

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Andre Gunder Franks "dependency theory"

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the development and prosperity of the worlds core was based on the underdevelopment of the periphery

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infrastructure

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schools, roads, retail outlets, railroads, hospitals, recreational and cultural opportunities, social services and entire framework of support services and amenities in a city or region is its

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cumulative causation

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the spiral of economic growth and advanage that emerges as external economies, agglomeration and localization economies develop in a place called

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Paul Krugman

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The only "Geographer" to earn the Nobel prize is

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Creative destruction

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the withdrawal of investment from low profit areas and activities for reinvestment in high profit ones.

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Fordism

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Manufacturing based on assembly line techniques and high wages, and reliant upon mass consumption, is known as

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per unit of labor

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Commercial agricultural systems in the core are especially efficient in terms of food production

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agrarian culture

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one (in) which agricultural production is predominant in daily life.

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Subsistence agriculture

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characterized by agriculturalists who consume what they produce.

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rotating fields

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shifting cultivation is characterized by the practice of _________ to maintain soil fertility

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Pastoral nomads

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depend on animals rather than crops for their livelihood

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industrialization of agriculture

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made the farm a component in the agro-commodity production system.

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GMO

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An organism that has had its DNA modified in a laboratory rather than through crosspollination or other forms of evolution is known as a

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Blue Revolution

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fish is the most characterized product of what

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Second Agricultural Revolution

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characterized by the emergence of a significant surplus of production that could be sold and the beginnings of the industrialization of agriculture

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Third Agricultural Revolution.

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Food Manufacturing, Chemical Farming, and Mechanization are all phases of the

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coastal dead zones.

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Around the world, runoff from heavy use of synthetic fertilizers has created

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The United Nations

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the most inclusive organization (has most members) and has as a primary goal the maintenance of international peace and security

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A federal state (or federation)

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one in which government power is disbursed to local units

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exclusionary boundaries.

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The Berlin Wall and the Mexican border are good examples of

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republic

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The United States is best characterized as a

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reapportionment

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The process of allocating electoral seats to geographical areas is known as

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Ratzel's theory of the state

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imperialism emerges from the need for territorial expansion tied to population growth.

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decolonization

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The (re)acquisition of sovereignty and territorial integrity following colonization is known as

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state

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a set of institutions, controls territory, and is active, not static

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Neocolonialism

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allows core states to continue exploiting periphery states

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Antarctica

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carved like a territorial pie into claims by various states

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The domino theory

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the rationale behind stopping the spread of communism

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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an international military alliance

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Manchester, England, industrial centers

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By the mid-19th century, ________, _______ was one of the world's leading _______ __________, built around the manufacture and export of cotton textiles.

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50

answer

According to statistics compiled by the United Nations, nearly ___% of the world's population today lives in cities.

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interdependent urbanism

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The very first region of _______ __________ was in the Middle East

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Gateway cities

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tend to be port cities, were typically established by Europeans in their colonies, and are control centers providing access into and out of particular countries or regions.

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urban migration and falling death rates.

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By the late 18th century and the Industrial Revolution, cities of Europe began to grow with rural to

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urban system

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The interdependent relationship between cities and settlements of different sizes and functions within a given region is known as an

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Central place theory

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explains the relative size and spacing of urban centers based on markets & consumer behavior

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centrality

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The functional dominance (cultural, economic, political) of a city within an urban system is known as

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Overurbanization

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when cities grow faster than their ability to provide jobs, housing and other basic needs.

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Megacities

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determined by primacy, centrality, and size.

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urban land use model

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sometimes referred to as the trade-off model because people make a trade-off between accessibility and living space.

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congregate

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The characteristics by which urban minority groups are typically defined and ______ typically include race, language and religion, nationality, sexual orientation or lifestyle.

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concentric zone model of cities

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the zone of transition typically begins at the dynamic outer edge of a city's central business district.

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gentrification

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The invasion of older, centrally-located working-class neighborhoods by higher-income professionals in search of character and convenience

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Redlining

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most specifically, a form of housing discrimination

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Smart growth

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attempts to address the problem of urban/suburban sprawl.

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urban design

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began as early as the height of the Roman Empire

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Urban change in core regions

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has been influenced the most by the economic transformation to a postindustrial economy.

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polycentric new metropolis

answer

The megalopolis that extends from Washington, D.C. to Boston is best exemplified by ________ ____ _______model of urban structure.

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