General Psychology Theories of Personality – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Freud's Theory of Personality Development
answer
believed that personality forms in the first years of life. -more specifically that the foundations of personality were formed by ages 5-6
question
Freud saw all human behavior as motivated by the______ or ________
answer
drives or instincts. -these instincts perpetuate the life of the individual by seeking nourishment and the life of the species by motivating him/her to have sex
question
For Freud, the ______ was the most important motivating force
answer
sex drive
question
Sexuality for Freud
answer
meant not just intercourse, but all pleasurable sensation from the skin.
question
stage theory of development
answer
freud noted that at different times in our lives different parts of our body give us greatest pleasure
question
stages of stage theory of development
answer
oral,anal,phallic, latency, genital
question
fixation
answer
the tendency to continue engaging in behaviors associated with that stage -psycho sexual and personality development would be stalled at that stage.
question
oral stage
answer
(birth-18 months) -baby's mouth is pleasure seeking -sucking, biting, chewing
question
anal stage
answer
(18 months-3 years) child derives pleasure from holding on and letting go of bowel movements -issues of control
question
phallic stage
answer
(3-5 years) pleasure felt in genital area -for Freud, single, most dramatic event of psycho sexual development takes place here.
question
castration anxiety
answer
-little boy physically desires mother -boy realizes father possesses mother -boy realizes father is very powerful -boy realizes that if father ever KNEW he wanted mother he would be castrated
question
Electra Complex
answer
basically penis envy -girl realizes she doesn't have a penis -girl blames mother for her predicament -girl cant identify with father (no penis) -so she courts him and becomes daddy's little girl -girl looks to mom for support, thus, identifying with mom
question
latency stage
answer
(6-12 years) sexual impulses are repressed -same sex friendships and social skills is most important
question
genital stage
answer
(puberty-->) -more adult-like sexual interest awakens -freud believed if first 3 stages were successfully negotiated, this stage would take care of itself
question
personality
answer
is an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
question
perspectives of personality
answer
1)psychoanalytic 2)social cognitive 3)humanistic 4)trait
question
psychoanalysis
answer
Sigmund Freud -architect of psychoanalysis -one of most influential thinkers of 20th century
question
Sigmund Freud
answer
-very bright student -had his own room in order to study in peace -the eldest child, Freud was regarded as a genius by his family -mother doted on him calling him her golden siggie BECAME A NEUROLOGIST
question
hysteria
answer
a disorder where patient experiences symptoms like paralysis of limbs with no organic basis
question
Charcot
answer
found that hysterical disorders often started with a traumatic event in childhood -found that he could make the patient's symptoms vanish using hypnosis
question
unconscious force
answer
demonstrations like these filled Freud with a profound regard for the power
question
conscious
answer
what we are aware of right now -least important to Freud
question
preconscious
answer
-analogous to memory -just below our level of awareness
question
unconscious
answer
unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, of which we are unaware
question
free association
answer
-unfortunately, not everyone could be hypnotizes -so he turned to a talking cure -saying whatever comes to mind -no matter how illogical or embarrassing
question
through _____Freud sought to tap into the unconscious
answer
free association -where painful, unconscious memories -often from childhood could be retrieved and released.
question
structure of personality has 3 components
answer
1)Id 2)ego 3)superego
question
Id
answer
-present at birth -reservoir of all psychological energy and instincts -primitive, instinctive part of personality -operates according to pleasure principle
question
pleasure principle
answer
immediate gratification of needs.
question
ego
answer
-operates according to reality principle
question
reality principle
answer
to express needs and wants (from id) in socially acceptable ways
question
superego
answer
-conscious -rules of parents -rules of society -begins to develop about 3-5 years old
question
social cognitive perspective
answer
-came out of the cognitive behavioral perspective -based on the notion we are both architect and product of our environments -this approach views personality as the product of the continuous interaction between person + behavior + environment
question
John B Watson Albert Bandura B.F. Skinner Martin Seligman
answer
-classical conditioning -operant conditioning -social learning theory -cognitive psychology
question
Skinner gave no weight to Freud's notion of____, _____, &____because such personality structures cant be observed
answer
id, ego, and superego
question
Personality then is simply a matter of reinforcement
answer
telling a joke (behavior) followed by attention compliments (reinforcer)
question
Albert Bandura
answer
added a cognitive flavor to the strict behaviorism of Skinner. -agrees with basic idea of behaviorism- that personality is largely shaped thru learning. -however, Bandura believes that behavior, environments and cognition's interact in a reciprocal manner.
question
social cognitive theory of personality
answer
characteristic ways of behaving (personality) come about because of how we were rewarded and punished (principles of learning) over the years and what we think (cognition) about the something like music
question
In contrast to psychoanalyis
answer
social cognitive approach to personality rests on assumption that external factors are more important than unconscious motives
question
Freud
answer
drew attention to the dark forces of the unconscious
question
Skinner
answer
was only interested in observable behavior
question
humanistic perspective
answer
(body, mind, spirit) an approach that focuses on the self -subjective experience -capacity for growth -and self- fulfillment
question
Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow
answer
Humanism's chief leaders wanted to draw a fuller picture of human potential
question
Rogers
answer
-his theory grew out of his clinical experience (like Freud) -he noted how often his clients reflected on who they are -interested in fully functioning person
question
how you behave depends upon you ______ reality, not on _____ reality around you
answer
subjective external
