Question 1

Psychological disorders that can be overcome with techniques such as counterconditioning are most likely to be treated with A) free association. B) psychotherapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

psychotherapy

Question 2

The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called A) systematic desensitization. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) biomedical therapy.

Accepted Answer

biomedical therapy

Question 3

An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that A) treats patients with drugs. B) emphasizes the importance of free association. C) involves treatment in a group setting. D) uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques.

Accepted Answer

uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques

Question 4

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne\'s therapeutic approach would best be described as A) humanistic. B) psychoanalytic. C) behavioral. D) eclectic.

Accepted Answer

eclectic

Question 5

The first psychological therapy was introduced by A) Joseph Wolpe. B) Sigmund Freud. C) Aaron Beck. D) Carl Rogers.

Accepted Answer

sigmund freud

Question 6

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of A) cognitive therapies. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

psychoanalysis

Question 7

Which of the following approaches to therapy would most likely involve efforts to understand an adult\'s psychological disorder by exploring that person\'s childhood experiences? A) psychoanalysis B) behavior therapy C) humanistic therapy D) cognitive therapy

Accepted Answer

psychoanalysis

Question 8

A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is A) stress inoculation training. B) systematic desensitization. C) active listening. D) free association.

Accepted Answer

free association

Question 9

A psychoanalyst who notes the supposed meaning of a patient\'s dream in order to provide the patient with new insight is engaging in A) transference. B) interpretation. C) counterconditioning. D) free association.

Accepted Answer

interpretation

Question 10

An important component of psychoanalysis is A) active listening. B) dream analysis. C) unconditional positive regard. D) systematic desensitization.

Accepted Answer

dream analysis

Question 11

Transference refers to a client\'s A) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders. B) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships. C) replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others. D) translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening images.

Accepted Answer

expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships

Question 12

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of A) unconditional positive regard. B) resistance. C) transference. D) free association.

Accepted Answer

transference

Question 13

Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven? A) client-centered therapy B) psychoanalysis C) cognitive-behavioral therapy D) systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

psychoanalysis

Question 14

Helping patients gain perspective on feelings they seem to be defending against is a major goal of A) systematic desensitization. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) a token economy. D) cognitive therapy.

Accepted Answer

psychodynamic therapy

Question 15

Psychodynamic therapy techniques involve efforts to understand patients\' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their A) interpersonal relationships. B) sexual dysfunctions. C) eating habits and drug use. D) self-blaming explanations.

Accepted Answer

interpersonal relationships

Question 16

Nate\'s past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate to gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a practitioner of A) behavior therapy. B) biomedical therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) humanistic therapy.

Accepted Answer

psychodynamic therapy

Question 17

Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends? A) systematic desensitization B) interpersonal psychotherapy C) humanistic therapy D) cognitive therapy

Accepted Answer

interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 18

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by A) discouraging people from using antidepressant drugs. B) using progressive relaxation to reduce anxiety. C) increasing a person\'s awareness of underlying motives and defenses. D) using personality tests to accurately diagnose the person\'s difficulties.

Accepted Answer

increasing a person\'s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 19

Unlike psychodynamic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________. A) present; future B) past; present C) present; past D) past; future

Accepted Answer

present; past

Question 20

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to A) focus more on other people\'s feelings than on their own. B) adapt more readily to social norms and expectations. C) imitate the behavior of others who are happy and successful. D) take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.

Accepted Answer

take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions

Question 21

Instead of focusing on unconscious thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions. A) behavior B) humanistic C) biomedical D) psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

humanistic

Question 22

Client-centered therapy was developed by A) Aaron Beck. B) Joseph Wolpe. C) Albert Ellis. D) Carl Rogers.

Accepted Answer

carl rogers

Question 23

Carl Rogers encouraged therapists to foster client growth by exhibiting A) resistance, transference, and interpretation. B) insight, progressive relaxation, and adaptive habits. C) genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. D) self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-fulfillment.

Accepted Answer

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

Question 24

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients\' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties? A) psychoanalysis B) cognitive therapy C) systematic desensitization D) client-centered therapy

Accepted Answer

client-centered therapy

Question 25

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ________ during the process of therapy. A) clearly communicate their diagnosis of a client\'s disorder B) genuinely express their own true feelings C) explain the immediate causes of a client\'s difficulties D) identify a hierarchy of the client\'s anxiety-arousing experiences

Accepted Answer

genuinely express their own true feelings

Question 26

Empathic understanding of the patient\'s subjective experiences is a major goal of A) psychoanalysis. B) biomedical therapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

client-centered therapy

Question 27

Echoing, restating, and clarifying what a client expresses is most central to the process of A) systematic desensitization. B) counterconditioning. C) free association. D) active listening.

Accepted Answer

active listening

Question 28

An important feature of client-centered therapy is A) systematic desensitization. B) transference. C) free association. D) active listening.

Accepted Answer

active listening

Question 29

When Murli told his therapist, Ã¬I came to see what you could do for me,Ã® the therapist responded, Ã¬It sounds like you\'re feeling you need some help. Am I right?Ã® The therapist\'s response illustrates the technique of A) transference. B) free association. C) active listening. D) systematic desensitization.

Accepted Answer

active listening

Question 30

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as A) active listening. B) free association. C) unconditional positive regard. D) positive reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

unconditional positive regard

Question 31

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by A) cognitive therapies. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) behavior therapies. D) humanistic therapies.

Accepted Answer

behavior therapies

Question 32

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of A) behavior therapies. B) humanistic therapies. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) cognitive therapies.

Accepted Answer

behavior therapy

Question 33

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be A) unconditioned stimuli. B) conditioned stimuli. C) unconditioned responses. D) conditioned responses.

Accepted Answer

conditioned responses

Question 34

To reduce a patient\'s fear of certain medical procedures, a therapist repeatedly paired the sight of a hypodermic needle that triggered a learned fear response with the taste of chocolate that triggered an unlearned sense of pleasure. The therapist was most clearly using a technique involving A) unconditional positive regard. B) a token economy. C) classical conditioning. D) free association.

Accepted Answer

classical conditioning

Question 35

In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of A) biomedical therapy. B) cognitive therapy. C) behavior therapy. D) humanistic therapy.

Accepted Answer

behavior therapy

Question 36

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called A) free association. B) transference. C) counterconditioning. D) unconditional positive regard.

Accepted Answer

counterconditioning

Question 37

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are A) systematic desensitization and free association. B) interpersonal psychotherapy and stress inoculation training. C) unconditional positive regard and transference. D) aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning and exposure therapy

Question 38

Benny\'s mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother\'s strategy best illustrates A) counterconditioning. B) cognitive therapy. C) transference. D) interpersonal psychotherapy.

Accepted Answer

counterconditioning

Question 39

According to Mary Cover Jones, 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of A) cognitive therapy. B) exposure therapies. C) free association. D) transference.

Accepted Answer

exposure therapies

Question 40

Reducing patients\' anxiety by having them repeatedly experience in safe settings the things they fear and often avoid is most central to A) a token economy. B) exposure therapies. C) free association. D) aversive conditioning.

Accepted Answer

exposure therapies

Question 41

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy? A) family therapy B) stress inoculation training C) systematic desensitization D) interpersonal psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

systematic desensitization

Question 42

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________. A) transference; interpersonal psychotherapy B) stress inoculation training; biomedical therapy C) free association; cognitive therapy D) counterconditioning; behavior therapy

Accepted Answer

counterconditioning; behavior therapy

Question 43

Systematic desensitization involves A) depriving a client access to an addictive drug. B) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. C) replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. D) associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Accepted Answer

associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli

Question 44

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that _____ in fear-provoking situations can gradually eliminate anxiety. A) self-awareness B) free association C) relaxation D) active listening

Accepted Answer

relaxation

Question 45

Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation. A) simulated B) systematic C) progressive D) unconditional

Accepted Answer

progressive

Question 46

Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date. The therapist\'s technique best illustrates the process of A) interpersonal psychotherapy. B) transference. C) cognitive therapy. D) systematic desensitization.

Accepted Answer

systematic desensitization

Question 47

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques has been used to help people overcome a fear of flying? A) aversive conditioning B) transference C) virtual reality exposure therapy D) the double-blind procedure

Accepted Answer

virtual reality exposure therapy

Question 48

Systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response, whereas ________ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response. A) transference B) operant conditioning C) aversive conditioning D) interpersonal psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning

Question 49

In treating alcohol use disorder, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as A) operant conditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) aversive conditioning. D) transference.

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning

Question 50

To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she starts to smoke a cigarette. The therapist is using A) aversive conditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. D) stress inoculation training.

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning

Question 51

Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior. A) free association B) progressive relaxation C) behavior modification D) unconditional positive regard

Accepted Answer

behavior modification

Question 52

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of A) classical conditioning. B) free association. C) behavior modification. D) progressive relaxation.

Accepted Answer

behavior modification

Question 53

Mrs. Coleman is a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. To help her become more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of A) active listening. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

a token economy

Question 54

The technique reduces people to puppets controlled by therapists! It doesn\'t respect human freedom. This criticism is most likely to be directed at A) systematic desensitization. B) client-centered therapy. C) psychoanalysis. D) a token economy.

Accepted Answer

a token economy

Question 55

The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to A) progressive relaxation. B) cognitive therapies. C) behavior modification. D) exposure therapies.

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapies

Question 56

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events? A) client-centered therapy B) systematic desensitization C) cognitive therapy D) aversive conditioning

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapy

Question 57

Cognitive therapies would be most likely to encourage depressed clients to A) carefully observe the negative consequences of their depression. B) take more personal responsibility for their own negative feelings and actions. C) stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control. D) identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.

Accepted Answer

stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control

Question 58

Several years after his wife\'s death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler\'s depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife\'s death. The therapist\'s approach is most representative of A) systematic desensitization. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapy

Question 59

The relentless rehearsal of overgeneralized, self-blaming thoughts by depressed clients is called A) aversive conditioning. B) catastrophizing. C) systematic desensitization. D) transference.

Accepted Answer

catastrophizing

Question 60

Training people to actively dispute their own self-defeating ideas best illustrates A) psychoanalysis. B) behavior therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapy

Question 61

Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to A) associate unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. B) replace negative self-talk with more positive comments. C) associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. D) establish empathic, caring relationships with others.

Accepted Answer

replace negative self-talk with more positive comments

Question 62

Athletic instruction that teaches swimmers to think Ã¬high elbowÃ® during swimming competitions best illustrates the application of ________ therapy techniques to sports training programs. A) exposure B) cognitive C) client-centered D) biomedical

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 63

Which form of therapy most directly encourages clients to question their reasoning, decatastrophize their thinking, and reattribute responsibility for past outcomes? A) humanistic therapy B) behavior therapy C) cognitive therapy D) psychodynamic therapy

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapy

Question 64

A therapist may encourage a client to change from thinking Ã¬I totally failed my exercise training programÃ® to Ã¬I fell short of some training goals but I can make some specific changes in my schedule to succeed next time.Ã® This technique is used in A) psychoanalysis. B) cognitive therapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) a token economy.

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapy

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