General Psychology: Exam 1 Mississippi State University – Flashcards
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Humanism
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focuses on the unique aspects of each individual human: their freedom to act, rational thought, and the belief that they're fundamentally different from
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Applied psychology
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uses psychological knowledge to address problems and issues across various settings and professions
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Genes
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basic units of heredity
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chromosomes
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-structure in cellular nucleus that are lined with all genes an individual inherits -23 in all.. you get half from mom and half from dad
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Dendrities
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part of the neuron that projections that pick up impulses from other neurons. --Recieves
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Axon
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part of the neuron that transports information to neighboring parts--sends
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What engages neural communication ?
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Electricity because the communication with in the neuron are electrical
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soma( cell body)
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part of neuron that contains the nucleus that has the cells genetic material ....materials needed by the neuron are made here
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synapse
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space between axon and dendrite
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neurotransmitters
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chemicals in axon terminals that function as messengers, allowing neurons to communicate with each other
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hormones
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chemicals secreted by the glands of the endocrine system and go directly to the bloodstream
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pituitary gland
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the master gland of the endocrine system
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cerebral cortex
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is the convoluted wrinkled outer layer of the brain that is involved in multiple higher functions, such as through, language, and personality ....used in higher learning
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corpus callosum
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is a densely concentrated bundle of nerve cells connecting the two hemispheres
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lesions
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is a technique in which researches intentionally damage an area in the brain
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frontal
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front
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parietal
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peak
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occipital
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outermost
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temporal
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above the temples
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right side
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visual and spatial skills, recognition of visual stimuli, and musical processing
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left side
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language and math
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transcranial magnetic stimulation
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procedure in which researchers send an electromagnetic pulse to a targeted region of the brain
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functional MRI'S (fMRI)
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-provides moment by moment picture of the brain activity. -measures the difference b/w blood cells with an oxygen molecule attached versus those without an oxygen molecule attached -allows us to see blood flow within the brain
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sensation
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process of detecting external events by sense organs and turning those events into neural signals
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perception
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attending to, organizing, and interpreting stimuli that we sense
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difference threshold
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smallest detectable difference between stimuli
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sensory adaptation
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reduction of activity in sensory receptors with repeated exposure to a stimulus
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transduction
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the process in which physical or chemical stimulation is converted into a nerve impulse that is relayed to the brain
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absolute threshold
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the level at which stimulus can be detected 50% of the time
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subliminal perception
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activation in certain brain regions -effects are limited ..only influence behavior
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inattention blindess
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a failure to notice clearly visible events or objects because attention is directed elsewhere
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lens
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transparent disk that focuses light rays onto the retina
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cornea
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curved transparent dome that protects the eye and helps bend incoming light
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what are the two photoreceptors
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cones and rods
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cones
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photoreceptors that perceive color
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rods
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photoreceptors that are highly sensitive under low light levels
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amplitude
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loudness -the height
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pitch
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frequency
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long wavelength
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low frequency sound
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short wavelength
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high- frequency sound
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kinesthesis
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the sense of bodily motion and position
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phantom limbs
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sensations felt in amputated limbs and those born without limbs -sesations include itching, muscle contractions, and pain
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haptics
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the active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception
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wavelength
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the distance between peaks of a wave
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why is scientific method important to psychology ?
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It allows us to be scientific literate
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psychology
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the scientific study of behavior, thought, and experience
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whats the relationship between theories and hypothesis?
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a hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theories is a explantation for a BROAD range of observation and can generate a new hypothesis and integrate new findings into a whole
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when did Psychology become a science ?
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late 1800's bc of Zeitgeist
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Nature and nurture relationship
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inquiry into how heredity (nature) and environment (nurture ) influence behavior and mental processes
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Nature
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biology; genes
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nurture
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environment; support
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Eugenics
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good genes -social programs should encourage intelligant talented and etc people should have kids.. not non white and criminals and mental or physical diable people
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what is social psychology focus?
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the study of the influence of other people on our behavior along with what makes each individual unique
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Clinical psychologist Neuropsychologist Community psychologist
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PHD or PsyD
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Counseling psychologist Forensic psychologist
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Doctorate or masters
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School psychologist
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EdD,Phd, or masters
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Licensed clinical social worker; independent social worker
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Master in Social Work (MSW)
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Psychiatrist
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Medical Doctor
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Psychiatric nurse
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Nursing degree, RN
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Behavioral health technician; case manger
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bachelor's degree
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what do twin studies tell us about genetics?
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heritability
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Monozygotic twins are
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gentically identical
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dizygotic twins
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come from two seprate eggs fertiallazed by two different sperm cells that share the same womb
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heritability
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a statics, expressed as a # between zero-one, that represents the degree to which genetic diff. b/w individuals contribute to individuals diff. in behavior or trait found in a population
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the adopted family
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the nurture side
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biological family
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nature side
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Do most disorders stem from a single gene?
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NO, most complicated disorders are inlfuenced by a combination of genes
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inheirt of genes...
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are not a guarntee
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differnece between Excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitter
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Excitatory=Increase Inhibitory=decrease
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difference between agonstic vs antagonistic effects of drugs
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Agonist= drugs that enhance or mimic the effects of a neurotranmitters action -antagonists: inhibits neurotransmitters activity by blocking receptor or preventing synthesis of the nerotransmitter
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Central Nervous System
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the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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transmitts info to and from the central nervous system
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Autonomic nervous system
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regulates activity of the organs, glands, and other physiclogical process
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Somatic nervous system
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transmitts sensory info. and controls movement of the skeltal muscles
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sympathetic nervous system
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prepares the body to react and expand energy in time of stress
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parasympathetic nervous system
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maintains body functions conserves resources
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top down processing
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using prior knowledge and expeectation is guided
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bottom up processing
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constructin a whole stimulus or concept from bits of raw sensory info.
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does subliminal perception effect us strongly?
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no, the effects are limited. It only influences behavior
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how did Gestalt psychology view objects?
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as a whole and not as a part
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closure
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refers to the tendency to fill in gaps to complete a whole gaps
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proximity
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refers to the tendency to put things in a group
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what do taste and smell have in common?
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both detect chemicals
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