General Dermatology – Xanthomas – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What leads to the yellow appearance of lesions in xanthomas?
answer
intracellular and dermal lipid deposition
question
What are three common locations for xanthomas?
answer
skin, tendons and eyes
question
In general, xanthomas are due to what two conditions?
answer
1) abnormalities in lipid metabolism (primary or secondary) 2) monoclonal gammopathy (i.e. MGUS, multiple myeloma, CLL, Wladenstrom disease USUALLY IgG)
question
Eruptive xanthomas are associated with 3 types of hyperlipproteinemias?
answer
Type 1 (familila LPL defiency, deficient or abnormal LPL, APO C -II defiency, deficient glycosyl phosphatidylinostiol anchored HDL), type 4 (endogenous familail hypertriglyceridemia), type 5
question
Tendinous tuberoeruptive, tuberous, plane xanthomas are associated with which twohyperlipoproteinemias?
answer
Type II (familial hypercholesterolemia or familial defective apo B 100, LDL receptor defect, ass AS of peripheral and coronary arteries) & Type III (familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, remnant removal disease)
question
3000" alt="Eruptive xanthomas; > 3000">
Name for condition with NUMEROUS RED YELLOW papules on EXTENSOR SURFACES, BUTTOCKS, INTERTRIGINOUS AREAS + ORALLY when TG are usually > than?
3000" alt="Eruptive xanthomas; > 3000">answer
Eruptive xanthomas; > 3000
question
What are primary causes of eruptive xanthoma? secondary causes?
answer
Primary: I, IV, V hyperlipidemias; Secondary: obesity, diabetes, alcohol abuse, medications (ORAL RETINOIDS, protease inhibitors, olanzapine and estrogen replacement)
question
Name for YELLOW PINK indurated nodules on ELBOWS and KNESS ?
answer
Tuberous xanthomas
question
Name for condition that present as firm nodules on ACHILLES TENDON and extensor tendons of fingers/hands in THIRD DECADE?
answer
Tendinous xanthomas
question
Name for YELLOW to ORANGE NON INFLAMMATORY macules, papules, plaques and patches on INTERTRIGINOUS AREAS and HANDS/Fingers? Occurence on palmar/finger creases is called ? and pathognomonic for? Occurs in intertrigionous and web spaces is diagnostic of?
answer
Plane xanthomas; palmar crease = xanthoma striatum palmare for dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III); intertrigionous = type II (homozygous familial hypercholes)
question
Which type of xanthoma can occur in association with MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY with NO lipid abnormalitity and present with yellow plaques favor neck, upper trunk, intertiginous and periocular? Which Ig?
answer
Plane xanthomas; ass IgG
question
Name of condition? What % have hyperlipidemia? Tx of hoice?
answer
Xanthelesama; 50% hyperlipidemia; surgical treatment is the best option
question
name for verrucous plaque in MOUTH or GENITAL AREA that on path has PAPILLOMATOUS epidermal hyperplasia WITH FOAM CELLS IN DERMAL PAPILLAE? Associated with HLD? Associated with which syndrome?
answer
Verruciform xanthoma; NOT associated with hyperlipidemia; ass with CHILD syndrome and any disorder that causes epidermal damage (ie. EB, GVHD, LS&A, pemphigus)
question
Name for macrophages with lipidized cytoplasms that are characteristic of which group of disorders?
answer
FOAM cells; define xanthomas (superifical - plane xanthomas; deeper = tuberous and tendinous)
