question

phase

answer

a physically distinct homogeneous part of a system

question

potential energy

answer

associated with position,causes attractive forces and tends to draw particles together

question

kinetic energy

answer

associated with movement, tends to disperse particles

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intramolecular

answer

bonding forces are doing within a molecule (chemical behavior)

question

intermolecular

answer

nonbonding forces are found between molecules (physical behavior)

question

gases

answer

compressible fluid, attractions are weak relative to kinetic energy

question

liquids

answer

non-compressible fluids, attractions are comparable to kinetic energy

question

solids

answer

non compressible non fluids, attractions are strong relative to kinetic energy

question

average kinetic energy of molecules

answer

is proportional to their temp and independent of their phase

question

average potential energy between molecules depends...

answer

on their nature and the average distance between them

question

molecules with strong IMFS tend to have...

answer

high melting points and boiling points

question

molecules with weak IMFS tend to have...

answer

low melting and boiling points

question

within a phase

answer

heat flow is accompanied by a changed in temp, since the avr Ek of the particles changes

question

during a pause change

answer

heat flow occurs t constant temp, as the ave Ep of the particles changes

question

freezing

answer

is exothermic (delta H<0) bc heat is lost to the surroundings by the freezing water

question

temperature

answer

is constant (delta T=0) because the water molecules go to a lower potential energy, but keep the same kinetic energy

question

How much heat is released when 35.0g of water at 25C freezes into an ice cube in a freezer set at -20C?

answer

-16.8 kj

question

dynamic equilibrium

answer

where molecules are leaving and entering the liquid at the same rate

question

vapor pressure

answer

is the pressure exerted by the vapor on the liquid. the pressure increases until equilibrium is reached at equilibrium the vapor pressure is constant

question

condensation

answer

gas changing into liquid

question

vaporization

answer

liquid into a gas

question

sublimation

answer

solid changes directly into a gas

question

deposition

answer

changing from a gas directly into a solid

question

exothermic changes

answer

condensing,freezing,and depositing

question

exothermic

answer

particles lose energy,which is released as heat

question

endothermic

answer

heat is absorbed

question

endothermic changes

answer

melting, vaporizing, and subliming

question

temp increases

answer

the fraction of molecules with enough energy to enter the vapor phase increases and pressure increase

question

which has the strongest IMFS? A. diethyl ether B. ethanol C. water

answer

ANS. C

question

clausius clapeyron equation

answer

realtes vapor pressure to temperature (R= 8.314 L/mol K)

question

boiling point

answer

liquid is the temp at which the vapor pressure equals the external pressure

question

normal boiling point

answer

substance is observed at standard atmospheric pressure or 760 torr

question

intermolecular forces

answer

arise from the attraction between molecules with partial charges or between ions and molecules. weak compared to bonding forces

question

van der waals distance

answer

is the distance between two non bonded atoms in adjacent molecules

question

vand der waals radius

answer

is 1/2 the closest distance between the nuclei of two non bonded atoms.

question

hydrogen bond

answer

is the attraction between the H atom of one molecule and a lone pair of the N,O or F, atom of another molecule (N,O,F have the highest electronegativity .. poles)

question

ionic bonding

answer

form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom between a metal and a nonmetal

question

H-bonding

answer

ids the attraction between the H atom of one molecule and a lone pair of the N,O or F atom of another molecule

question

dispersion

answer

the action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area

question

dipole dipole

answer

interaction is the attraction between two polar molecules

question

list all of the significant IMFs in Ch3OH? A. H bond only B. H bonding and dipole-dipole C. H bonding, dipole-dipole, and LDFs

answer

ANS:C

question

Which has the higher BP and what are the most significant forces? CH3OH or CH3CH2OH A. CH3CH2OH dipole-dipole B. CH3CH2OH dispersion C. CH3OH dipole-dipole D. CH3OH H-bonding

answer

ANS:B

question

List all of the significant IMFs in CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. A.LDFs only B. LDFs and dipole-dipole C. LDFs, dipole-dipole, and H bonding

answer

ANS:A

question

Which has the higher BP and what are the most significant forces? hexane or 2,2-DMB A.n-hexane H-bonding B.n-hexane dispersion C.2,2-DMB dipole-dipole D. 2,2-DMB dispersion

answer

ANS: B

question

solution

answer

homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substance and exists as a single phase

question

colloid

answer

heterogeneous mixture and exists as two or more phases

question

solute

answer

dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

question

solubility of a solute

answer

is the max amt that dissolves in a fixed quantity of solvent at a given temp

question

Identify the strongest IMF between CH3OCH3 and H2O. A.Ion-dipole B.H-bonding C.Dipole-dipole D.Ion-induced dipole E.Dipole-induced dipole F.Dispersion (LDFs)

answer

ANS:B

question

Identify the strongest IMF between H2O and LiBr. A.Ion-dipole B.H-bonding C.Dipole-dipole D.Ion-induced dipole E.Dipole-induced dipole F.Dispersion (LDFs)

answer

ANS: A

question

hydration of a gas ion

answer

is always exothermic because ion-dipole forces between ions and water are very strong

question

Molarity (M)

answer

amount (mol) of solute/volume (L) of solution

question

Molality (m)

answer

amount (mol) of solute/mass(kg) of solvent

question

parts by mass

answer

mass of solute/mass of solution

question

parts by volume

answer

volume of solute/volume of solution

question

mole fraction (X)

answer

amount (mol) of solute/amount (mol) of solute + amount(mol) of solvent

question

exothermic process

answer

H < 0

question

endothermic process

answer

H > 0

question

If the energy requires to separate solvent particles and solute particles is greater than the energy released when the two are mixed, WOTF describes the T of the forming solution? A. T increase B. T decrease C. T remains the same

answer

ANS:B

question

When NaOH dissolves in water the solution becomes hot. Which step is the dissolution process have the largest enthalpy? A. breaking apart solute particles B. breaking apart solvent particles C. Combining solute with solvent particles

answer

ANS:C

question

Solvation

answer

is the process in which a gas phase solute particle is surrounded by solvent particles

question

hydration

answer

in water, salvation is called this. always exothermic

question

lattice energy

answer

is the energy required to separate the ions of crystal into gas phase ions

question

From the tables of lattice enthalpies and enthalpies of hydration, the enthalpy of dissolution of KBr is A. +162 kl/mol B. +62 kj/mol C. -62 Kj/mol D. -162 kj/mol

answer

ANS:B

question

When KBr dissolves in water, the temp of solution A. increases B. decreases C. constant

answer

ANS:B

question

saturated solution

answer

contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temp in the presence of undissolved solute

question

unsaturated solution

answer

contains less than the equilibrium concentration of dissolved solute

question

Henrys Law

answer

S=k(P)

question

what is the solubility of O2 in water exposed to air(21.0 mole % of O2) at 25C and 1.00 atm? (k=1.2mM/atm) A. .25 mM B. 1.2 mM C. 5.7mM D.25 mM

answer

ANS:D

question

Concentrated HCl(aq) is 37.0% by mass with a density of 1.185 g/mL. Find the molarity. MHCl = 36.46 g/mol; MH2O = 18.02 g/mol? A.0.0120 mol/L B.0.120 mol/L C.1.20 mol/L D.12.0 mol/L E.120. mol/L F.437 mol/L

answer

ANS: D

question

Concentrated HCl(aq) is 37.0% by mass with a density of 1.185 g/mL. Find the molality. MHCl = 36.46 g/mol; MH2O = 18.02 g/mol? A.0.0101 mol/kg B.0.0161 mol/kg C.10.1 mol/kg D.16.1 mol/kg E.101 mol/kg F.161 mol/kg

answer

ANS: D

question

Concentrated HCl(aq) is 37.0% by mass with a density of 1.185 g/mL. Find XHCl. MHCl = 36.46 g/mol; MH2O = 18.02 g/mol? A.0.154 B.0.225 C.0.370 D.0.775 E.0.846

answer

ANS:B

question

colligative properties

answer

are properties that depend on the number of solute particles. (depends on concentration)

question

electrolyte

answer

separates into ions when it dissolves in water

question

nonelectrolyte

answer

does not dissociate to form ions

question

Raoult's law

answer

states that the vapor pressure of the solvent above the solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent present

question

which has the lowest vapor pressure/ A. H2O B. 10% C2H6O2 C. 10% c6h12o6

answer

ANS: B

question

which of the following has the highest boiling point? A. H2O B. 5% C3H8O2 C. 10% C3H8O2

answer

ANS: C

question

which of the following has the highest freezing point? A. H2O B. 2% C2H6O2 C. 4% C2H6O2

answer

ANS: A

question

osmosis

answer

is the movement of solvent particles from a region of higher to a region of lower concentration though a semipermeable membrane

question

osmotic pressure

answer

is the pressure that just be applied to prevent the net flow of solvent

question

which solution has the lowest vapor pressure? A. urea(aq), x2=0.025 i=1 B. NaCl, x2=0.020 i=2 C. Li2CO4, x2=0.010 i=3

answer

ANS: B

question

What is the osmotic pressure of 2.0 M HCl at 27*C A. 4.4atm B. 8.9 atm C. 49 atm D. 98 atm

answer

ANS: D

question

Which solution has the higher concentration of dissolved particles? A. 1% LiF (M=25.9g/mol) B. 1% NaCl (M=58.4 g/mol)

answer

ANS: A

question

Which solution has the higher concentration of dissolved particles? A. 0.10 m glucose B. 0.10 m NaCl

answer

ANS:B

question

Which has the lowest melting point? A. Na B. Si C. Ar

answer

ANS:C

question

reaction rate

answer

is a measure of how fast the concentrations of reactants and products change with time

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