Gen chem II – Coordination Chemistry – Flashcards
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| Properties of Transition Metals |
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| Colored compounds Magnetic Properties Catalytic Properties |
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| Most common oxidation numbers for transition metals |
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| +2 and +3, max is +7 for MN ! tend to be higher when joined with electronegative nonmetals |
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| Transition metal |
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| an atom with incompletely filled D-orbitals |
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| Electron configuration of Cr |
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| 4s1 3d5 |
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| Electron configuration of Cu |
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| 4s1 3d10 |
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| Coordination number |
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| Number of nearest-neighbor atoms in a crystal or the number of donor ligands that surround a central metal ion in a complex |
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| Ligand name for NH3 |
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| ammine |
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| Ligand name for OH2 |
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| aqua or aquo |
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| Ligand name for CO |
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| carbonyl |
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| Ligand name for Cl- |
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| chloro |
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| Ligand name for Br- |
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| bromo |
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| Ligand name for I- |
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| iodo |
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| Ligand name for F- |
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| fluro |
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| Ligand name for CN- |
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| cyano |
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| Ligand name for SCN- |
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| thiocyano |
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| Ligand name for OH- |
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| hydroxo |
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| Ligand name for NO2 |
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| nitro- |
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| Di- |
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| prefix for 2 in coordination complexes |
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| Ligand naming order |
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| Alphabetical, but ignore prefixes |
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| Transition metal in naming coordination complexes |
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| always at the end of the complex followed by the roman numeral for its oxidation number; When complex is the anion of the compound, metal edning is changed to -ate; iron and copper go to the latin ferrate and cuprate |
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| (en) |
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| Ethylenediamine; H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2 Since en already has a prefix in its name, we use Bis, Tris and Tetrakis when there are 2, 3 or 4 of them in the compound. Also, en should be written in with parentheses surrounding it, to help distinguish it from the rest of the complex |
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| Oxolate ion |
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| Oxalate -> Cr(OH2)6 -2 |
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| Geometry of most common coordination numbers |
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| #2 - linear #4 - square planar or tetrahedral #6 - octahedral (the most common type) |
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| Spectrochemical Series |
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| I- < Br- < Cl- < F- < OH- < H2O < C2O4 2- < NH3 < en < NO2 - < CN Oversimplification for use on test H2O and lower are the weak field ligands and NH3 and greater are strong field ligands |
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| High Spin Complex |
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| Complex with weak field ligands, so the energy gap is smaller. !nearly all tetrahedral complexes are high spin Octahedral crystal field diagram - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Tetrahedral Crystal Field Diagram ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Square Planar Crystal Field Diagram (not in notes) |
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| Low Spin Complex |
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| Coordination complex where the metal ligands are joined to strong field ligands, there is a larger energy gap Octahedral Crystal Theory Complex ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Tetrahedral Crystal-Field Digram ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ |
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| Hund's Law |
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| A greater total spin state usually makes the resulting atom more stable. Accordingly, it can be taken that if two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, electrons will occupy them singly before filling them in pairs. |
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| Paramagnetic |
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| orbitals are filled in both the top and bottom, there is little-to-no magnetism |
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| Dianagnetic |
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| Orbitals are filled more so one level, there is magnetism |
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| Color and coordination chemistry |
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| Created when an electron absorbs light and goes up an energy level. Whatever the wavelength absorbed, the compound expresses the complimentary color of the color associated with that wavelength. |
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| Wavelength and color |
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| 800nm - Red - 650nm - Orange - 600nm - Yellow - 560nm - Green - 490nm - Blue - 430nm - Violet - 400nm !nano = 10x-9 |
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| Energy and wavelength absorption |
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| DeltaE = h * c / (lambda) h is 6.63e-34 J/s c is 3e8 m/s |
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| Isomer |
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| Molecular compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula 2 types: strctural and stereoisomers; of stereioisomers, there are geometric and optical |
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| 4 types of geometric isomers |
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| Ionization isomer - atoms switching places to create an overall charge Hydrate isomers - a special case of an ionization isomer where water moves Coordination isomers - when the metal ion switches ligands linkage isomer - the element the ligand is attached by changes |
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| Facial Isomer |
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| the same ligands are on the same side |
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| Medial isomer |
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| The same ligands are opposite of eachother |
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| Stabilization and destabilization |
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| ___ ___ Destabilized e*3/5)Delta ___ ____ ___ Stabilized e*(2/5)Delta e*(2/5)Delta - e*(3/5)Delta |
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| How many geometric isomers are possible for a octahedral complex with the structure MA4B2 or MA4BC? |
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| 2 |
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| Can tetrahedral complexes have geometric isomers? |
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| No, everything is adjacent |
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| How many isomers can square planar complexes have if they are MA2B2 or MA2BC |
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| 2 |
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| Spin based on d orbital configuration |
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| d1 - d3: all electrons in lower energy orbitals - low spin d8 - d10: Lower is completely full and upper is filled according to Hund's rule - high spin d4-d7: low or high spin based on ligands |
