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Home Page Science Medicine Oncology Cyclin Dependent Kinase Gen Chap 19 - Flashcards

Gen Chap 19 – Flashcards

Viola Marenco
7 July 2022
9 test answers

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question
Distinguish between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes.
answer
Oncogenes are genes that induce or maintain uncontrolled cellular proliferation associated with cancer. They are mutant forms of proto-oncogenes, which normally function to regulate cell division.
question
In what ways can proto-oncogenes be converted to oncogenes?
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translocations point mutations gene amplification repositioning of regulatory sequences
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How do translocations such as the Philadelphia chromosome contribute to cancer?
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Genetic mapping established that certain genes were combined to form a hybrid oncogene ( BCR/ABL ) that encodes a 200kDa protein that has been implicated in the formation of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
question
Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncogenes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes - mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?
answer
No, she will still have the general population risk of about 10 percent.
question
Which of the following statements describes metastasis?
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The ability to form secondary tumors at another site Cells from malignant tumors can break off from the main tumor, travel through the blood or lymph, and establish secondary tumors at another site.
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question
Cancer is best described as a ________.
answer
genetic disorder at the cellular level The location of genetic mutations and how they occur vary greatly. However, all cancers result from a genetic disorder at the cellular level
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question
What is the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes?
answer
Oncogenes are mutant forms of proto-oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes are normal cellular genes. Mutations can cause these to be permanently switched on, leading to uncontrolled cell division and cancer.
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question
What is the role of the p53 protein in the cell cycle in normal cells?
answer
It temporarily arrests the cell cycle in G1 before entering S. The p53 protein apparently arrests the cell cycle until any DNA damage has been repaired.
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question
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding heritability of cancer?
answer
At least two mutational events are required for a cell to become cancerous. One copy of a mutated gene is not enough to trigger development of cancer. Mutation in the other copy of the gene is also required. In addition, mutations in other genes are often required to fully express the cancer.
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What is the right structure for an essay
Answer
A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
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  • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
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  • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.