GCSE latin Grammar – Flashcards
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What are the endings for active verbs in the imperfect tense? - was -ing
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- bam - bas - bat - bamus - batis - bant
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What are the endings for active verbs in the perfect tense? -ed
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- i - isti - it - imus - istis - erunt
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What are the endings for active verbs in the pluperfect tense? had -ed
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- eram - eras - erat - eramus - eratis - erant
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What are the endings for passive verbs in the present tense? is being -ed
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- or - ris - tur - mur - mini - ntur
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What are the endings for passive verbs in the imperfect tense? was being -ed
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- bar - baris - batur - bamur - bamini - bantur
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What are the endings for passive verbs in the perfect tense? was -ed
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- portatus sum - portatus es - portatus est - portati sumus - portati estis - portati sunt
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What are the endings for passive verbs in the pluperfect tense? had been -ed
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- portatus eram - portatus eras - portatus erat - portati eramus - portati eratis - portati erant
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What is the structure for an imperative in the singular? over
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port-a mon-e reg-e aud-i
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What is the structure for an imperative in the plural?
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port-ate mon-ete reg-ite aud-ite
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How do you make an indirect statement?
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('trigger verb' + infinitive)
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What are the first declension singular noun endings for the noun 'puella'?
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puella - a puella - a puella - am puella - ae puella - ae puella - a
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What are the first declension plural noun endings for the noun 'puella'?
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puella - ae puella - ae puella - as puella - arum puella - is puella - is
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What are the second declension masculine singular noun endings for the noun 'servus'?
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serv - us serv - e serv - um serv - i serv - o serv - o
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What are the second declension masculine plural noun endings for the noun 'servus'?
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serv - i serv - i serv - os serv - orum serv - is serv - is
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What are the third declension masculine/feminine singular noun endings for the noun 'rex'?
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rex rex reg - em reg - is reg - i reg - i
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What are the third declension masculine/feminine plural noun endings for the noun 'rex'?
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reg - es reg - es reg - es reg - um reg - ibus reg - ibus
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What are the third declension neuter singular noun endings for the noun 'nomen'?
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nomen nomen nomen nomin - is nomin - i nomin - e
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What are the third declension neuter plural noun endings for the noun 'nomen'?
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nomin - a nomin - a nomin - a nomin - um nomin - ibus nomin - ibus
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What are the fourth declension masculine/feminine singular noun endings for the noun 'manus'?
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man - us man - us man - um man - us man - ui man - u
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What are the fourth declension masculine/feminine plural noun endings for the noun 'manus'?
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man - us man - us man - us man - um man - ibus man - ibus
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How do present participles go in the singular? -ing
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port - ans port - antem port - antis port - anti port - anti
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How do present participles go in the plural? -ing
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port - antes port - antes port - antium port - antibus port - antibus
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How do perfect passive particles go in the singular? having been -ed
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port - atus port - atum port - ati port - ato port - ato
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How do perfect passive particles go in the plural? having been -ed
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port - ati port - atos port - atorum port - atis port - atis
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How does the imperfect active subjunctive go?
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portare - m portare - s portare - t portare - mus portare - tis portare - nt
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How does the imperfect passive subjunctive go?
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portare - r portare - ris portare - tur portare - mur portare - mini portare - ntur
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How does the pluperfect active subjunctive go?
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portav - isse - m portav - isse - s portav - isse - t portav - isse - mus portav - isse - tis portav - isse - nt
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How does the pluperfect passive subjunctive go?
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portatus - esse - m portatus - esse - s portatus - esse - t portati - esse - mus portati - esse - tis portati - esse - nt
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What are the uses of the subjunctive?
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1) with 'UT' 2) in an INDIRECT QUESTION 3) with 'CUM' = when/since 4) in FEAR clauses 5) with DUM = 'until' with a sense of purpose
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How is the subjunctive used with 'UT'?
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a) to express purpose = Caeciilius ad forum ambulavit ut ab amicis videretur = Caecilius walked to the forum (in order) to be seen by his friends b) in an indirect command = Caecilius servo imperavit ut cenam pararet = Caecilius ordered his slave to prepare the dinner c) with a sense of result = Caecilius tam stultus erat ut servum non intellegeret = Caecilius was so stupid that he did not understand the slave
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How is the subjunctive used in INDIRECT QUESTIONS?
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Caecilius rogavit cur servi diligenter non laborarent = Caecilius asked why the slaves were not working hard
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How is the subjunctive used with 'CUM'?
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a) with the imperfect subjunctive = cum Caecilius in cubiculo dormiret, servi e villa effugerunt = When Caecilius was sleeping in his bedroom, the slaves escaped from the villa b) cum servi ad flumen advenissent, Quintus eos conspexit = When the slaves had arrived at the river, Quintus caught sight of them
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How is the subjunctive used in FEAR clauses?
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servi timebant ne dominus scelus cognovisset = The slaves were afraid that their master had discovered the crime
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How is the subjunctive used with 'DUM'?
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mercator in foro mansit dum pecunia traderetur = The merchant waited in the forum until the money was handed over
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What are gerundives and how do they go?
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AMAND-US = to be loved MONEND-US = to be advised MITTEND-US = to be sent AUDIEND-US = to be heard e.g. puella laudanda est = the girl is to be praised the girl must be praised the girl ought to be praised the girl should be praised
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In what three ways must an adjective agree with its noun?
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1) CASE 2) GENDER 3) NUMBER
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What are some examples of adjective agreeing with nouns?
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magnus servus = the big slave magna ancilla = the big slave-girl tristis servus = the sad slave laeti canes = the happy dogs tristes canes = the sad dogs
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What are the 3 degrees of comparison?
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1) normal - lentus 2) comparative - lentior 3) superlative - lentissimus
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What are some of the irregulars of comparison?
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bonus (good) - melior (better) - optimus (best) malus (bad) - peior (worse) - pessimus (worst) magnus (big) - maior (bigger) - maximus (biggest) parvus (small) - minor (smaller) - minimus (smallest) multus (much) - plus (more) - plurimus (most) multi (many) - plures (more) - plurimi (most
