GCSE EdExcel C2 Flashcards
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| Periodic table |
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| The table in which all elements are found in an organised way. |
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| Metals |
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| A compound that is a good conductor of heat and electticity (found on the left of the Periodic table). |
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| Non-metals |
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| An element that is not a metal and is found to the right of the Periodic table. |
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| Atoms |
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| The smallest part of an element that can take part in nuclear reactions. |
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| Nucleus |
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| The centre of the atom consisting of protons and neutrons. |
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| Protons |
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| The positively charged sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus. |
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| Neutrons |
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| The particles in the nucleus with no charge. |
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| Electrons |
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| The sub-atomic particles with a negative charge that orbit the nucleus. |
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| Shells |
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| Another name for orbitals - the pathways of the electrons around the nucleus. |
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| Energy levels |
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| Another name for shells or orbitals, relating to the energy electrons have. |
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| Relative mass |
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| The mass of a particle relative to other particles. |
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| Relative Charge |
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| The charge of a particle relative to other particles. |
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| Atomic number |
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| The number of protons in an element. |
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| Mass number |
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| The number showing how much mass an element has. |
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| Relative atomic mass |
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| The mass of a compound, for example. |
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| Mean |
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| A form of average where we add the numbers up and divide by how many there are. |
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| Periods |
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| The rows on the Periodic table. |
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| Groups |
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| The columns on the Periodic table. |
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| Isotopes |
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| An atom with a different number of neutrons from the mean. |
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| Relative abundance |
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| This means "in comparison there are a lot more of these" |
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| Electronic configuration |
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| The pattern of the electrons in their shells. |
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| Ion |
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| An atom that has gained or lost electrons to give it an overall charge. |
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| Cations |
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| An ion with a positive charge. |
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| Anions |
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| An ion with a negative charge. |
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| Bonds |
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| The name for the attraction between particles in a compound. |
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| Ionic bonds |
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| The type of bond that is caused by opposite charges. |
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| Ionic compounds |
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| A compound bonded due to ions of opposite charge. |
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| Formula |
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| A way of writing down a substance with symbols where it is made of two or more atoms. |
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| Compound ions |
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| Ions that contain one or more elements. |
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| Lattice structure |
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| The name of the structure that is caused by ionic bonding. |
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| Molten |
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| Melted to form a liquid. |
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| Electrolysis |
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| A process of splitting up compounds using electrical current. |
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| Aqueous solution |
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| When something is dissolved in water. |
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| Melting point |
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| The temperature at which something melts. |
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| Boiling point |
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| The temperature at which something boils. |
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| Dissolves |
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| When a solute splits up and mixes with a solvent. |
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| Soluble |
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| Able to be dissolved. |
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| Insoluble |
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| Not able to be dissolved. |
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| Salt |
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| A compound formed by the neutralisation of an acid and an alkali. |
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| Precipitate |
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| An insoluble solid formed when two solutions are mixed together during precipitation. |
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| State symbols |
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| The letters after an element in an equation, showing whether it is a solid, liquid, gas or in solution etc. |
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| Precipitation reaction |
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| A reaction between two solutions to form an insoluble solid. |
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| Filtration |
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| Separating larger molecules from smaller ones using a partially permeable membrane. |
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| Barium meal |
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| A drink containing barium sulphate. |
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| Toxic |
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| Poisonous. |
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| Flame tests |
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| A test to detect the ions in a substance by observing their colour in a Bunsen flame. |
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| Spectroscopy |
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| Analysis of the light from a particular source. |
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| Covalent bonds |
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| A bond formed by non-metal atoms held together by sharing electrons. |
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| Molecule |
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| More than one atom bonded together by covalent bonds. |
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| Dot and cross diagram |
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| A diagram used to model covalent bonding. |
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| Double bond |
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| The type of bond where two pairs of electrons are shared. |
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| Simple molecular covalent substances |
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| A few atoms held together by very strong covalent bonds. |
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| Giant molecular covalent substances |
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| Lots of non-metals atoms held together in lattices to form bigger structures. |
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| Diamond |
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| A very hard substance made from carbon atoms. |
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| Graphite |
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| A substance made from carbon that is arranged in layers. |
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| Lubricant |
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| Something that reduces friction between two objects. |
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| Immiscible |
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| Where liquids will not mix together completely. |
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| Separating funnel |
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| A piece of glassware used to separate two immiscible liquids. |
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| Dissolve |
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| What happens to a solute when placed in a solvent. |
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| Solution |
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| The result of a solute being dissolved in a solvent. |
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| Miscible |
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| If liquids can be mixed together to form another substance. |
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| Fractional distillation |
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| The process of separating fractions using a column and heat to separate by boiling point. |
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| Fractionating column |
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| A column used to separate fractions based upon their boiling points. |
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| Fraction |
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| A certain part of crude oil that comes out of a fractionating column at the same point. |
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| Liquefied |
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| Turned to liquid. |
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| Chromatography |
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| A process of separating mixtures to identify them (sometimes using paper and a solvent). |
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| Solvent |
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| Something which dissolves a solute. |
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| Solubilities |
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| How solube something is. |
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| Chromatogram |
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| The result of a chromatography test. |
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| Rf value |
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| A comparison value for points on a chromatogram |
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| Elements |
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| The most basic materials found in the Periodic table. |
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| Malleable |
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| Can be hammered into another shape without breaking. |
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| Metallic bonds |
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| The bonds formed between metal atoms. |
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| Delocalised electrons |
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| Electrons that can move away from the original nucleus. |
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| Transition metals |
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| Metals in the centre of the Periodic table. |
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| Alkali metals |
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| The metals found in group 1 of the Periodic table. |
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| Reactivity |
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| How readily something takes part in a chemical reaction. |
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| Halogens |
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| Group VII of the Periodic table. |
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| Halides |
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| A compound of which one part is a halogen. |
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| Displacement reaction |
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| A reaction where one reactant takes the place of another element in the compound it is reacted with. |
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| Noble gases |
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| The gases found in |
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| Inert |
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| Non-reactive. |
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| Exothermic |
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| Gives out heat during a reaction. |
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| Endothermic |
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| Takes in heat during a reaction. |
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| Rate of a chemical reaction |
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| How quickly a reaction happens. |
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| Concentration |
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| How much of a substance is present in a dilution. |
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| Surface area |
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| The total area of an object or chemical. |
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| Relative atomic mass |
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| The total mass of a compound. |
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| Percentage by mass |
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| The amount of an element as an amount of the total mass (as a percentage). |
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| Yield |
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| The amount of product from a reaction. |
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| Theoretical yield |
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| The amount of product we should have based on the equation for the reaction. |
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| Actual yield |
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| The amount of product we make when the reaction is carried out (not the theoretical amount). |
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| Percentage yield |
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| The percentage of how much desirable product we obtain from a reaction. |
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| Percentage |
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| How much of something as a fraction out of one hundred. |
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| By-products |
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| The products of a reaction that are not desired or intended. |
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| Waste products |
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| Undesirable products from a reaction that are not needed. |
