GCSE Chemistry Atoms and the atomic structure – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Atom
answer
All substances are made from particles called atoms
question
Element
answer
An element contains only one type of atom 90 elements occur naturally, the rest are man made.
question
Compounds
answer
Are substances when two or more different elements are chemically joined together.
question
Mixture
answer
Is a substance, when two or more different elements are joined together (NOT CHEMICALLY) They are easily separated.
question
Molecule
answer
A group of ATOMS bonded together, creating the smallest possible unit of a compound.
question
Atomic Structure is made up of...
answer
Subatomic particles known as Protons, neutrons and electrons
question
Protons
answer
Have a positive charge and decide the element and its atomic number. Have a mass of 1, and is also found in the centre of the atom know as the nucleus
question
Neutrons
answer
Have a no charge and also have a mass of 1 Also found in the nucleus.
question
Electrons
answer
Have a negative charge and have a mass of almost 0. The electrons are found orbiting the nucleus.
question
Atomic Number
answer
Is the amount of protons in the atom. The atomic number will always be the smaller number on the chemical symbol.
question
Atomic mass
answer
Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
question
Electron Shells
answer
The electron shells determine how many electrons will fit in each shell. Shell 1 - 2 electrons Shell 2 - 8 electrons Shell 3 - 8 electrons Shell 4 - 18 electrons etc
question
Electronic Configuration
answer
Is the amount of electrons in an atom Sodium - 2:8:1 because there is 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the 2nd shell and 1 electron shell left to go in the 3rd shell.
question
Isotope
answer
Atom with a different number of neutrons - less stable - Radioactive / Lethal substance.
question
Covalent Bonding
answer
All the elements want to have a filled shell. So they bond with other elements to fill their shells. A covalent bond happens - between Non-metals only - The electrons are shared between the two elements. - does not involve charged particles. The shared electrons join the elements together to create a covalent bond. - Only occurs on the OUTER SHELL of the electrons, the other shells are full.
question
Giant Covalent Bonding
answer
The covalent bonds in these substance don't create molecules they are vast networks of atoms called Giant covalent structures. E.g Diamond and Graphite (They are both made of carbon, but take on different structures, different forms of elements are know as allotropes)
question
Double Bonding
answer
Is when two pairs of electrons are shared.
question
Ratio of atoms
answer
Nitrogen | Hydrogen Configuration| 2.5 | 1 Electrons | 3. | 1 Needed. Ratio of Atoms. | 1:3 (Creates ammonia)
question
Ionic Bonding
answer
Occurs between metals and non metals Electrons are lost or gained. Involves charged particles It occurs between positive and negative ions which are attracted to one and other and bond to create an ionic compound. Example Na+ and Cl- create sodium chloride compound. The ions are held in place by electrostatic attraction.
question
Metal Ions
answer
The metals ions lose electrons when they attract. It then has more protons than electrons so it is positively charged Example - a magnesium atom will lose two electrons so it would be Mg2+
question
Non - Metal Ions
answer
The non metal ions gain electrons making the atom negatively charged. Example - an oxygen atom will gain two electrons making it O2-
question
Ions
answer
Is an atom or a group of atoms that have an electrical charge.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New