FSHN Exam 2 – Flashcards

Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? A) infants and the elderly B) adolescents and children C) infants and pregnant women D) pregnant women and the elderly

Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo? A) Folate is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance. B) Folate regulates bone formation. C) Folate is essential for heart function. D) Folate is needed for proper cell division.

The human body can synthesize which of the following vitamins? A) vitamin K B) vitamin E C) Vitamin c D) Thamin

A major dietary source of iodine worldwide is A) dairy products. C) iodized table salt. B) fruits and vegetables. D) salt water fish.

Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt? A) Snack on fresh fruits and vegetables instead of salty snacks. B) Do not rinse canned beans with cold water before eating. C) Eat canned creamed corn instead of fresh. D) Eat a variety of canned and dried soups.

What is the most common nutrient deficiency, worldwide? A) iron B) vitamin B12 C) folate D) calcium

Premilk, which is rich in immune factors and protein, is also known by what name? A) hindmilk B) foremilk C) meconium D) colostrum

Good sources of riboflavin include A) potatoes, carrots, and bananas. C) citrus fruits and berries. B) milk, meats, and green vegetables. D) refined grains and pork.

On average, which of the following individuals would have the highest percentage of body water? A) 35-year-old lean woman C) 35-year-old lean man B) 35-year-old overweight woman D) 35-year-old overweight man

10) The primary sources of folate in the American diet are A) meat, fish, and poultry. B) enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products. C) fresh fruits and vegetables. D) milk and dairy products.

11) The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is A) ovulation. B) high protein intake by the mother. C) high fluid intake by the mother. D) infant suckling.

Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common? A) Both participate in maintaining fluid balance. B) Both are involved in nerve transmission. C) Both are major electrolytes in the body. D) Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.

13) Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with A) neural tube defects. C) gestational diabetes. B) Down's syndrome. D) pellagra.

Vitamin K deficiencies are rare because A) absorption of vitamin K from dietary sources is close to 100%. B) intestinal bacteria produce vitamin K. C) the majority of people take vitamin K supplements. D) most foods contain some vitamin K.

The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from A) table salt. C) vitamin supplements. B) alcohol. D) animal protein sources.

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in A) fiber. B) vitamin C. C) fat. D) calcium.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods? A) The infant can sit up with or without support. B) The infant's tongue extrusion reflex has begun to abate. C) The infant is at least six months old. D) The infant has high stores of iron.

Major minerals are those that the body needs in how many mg per day? A) more than 50 mg B) more than 300 mg C) more than 200 mg D) more than 100 mg

Which mineral's absorption is enhanced greatly by vitamin C? A) iron B) manganese C) sulfur D) chromium

Which of the following individuals would LEAST likely need dietary supplementation? A) people with lactose intolerance B) people who eat a vegan diet C) people who eat a balanced diet D) pregnant teenagers

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins? A) Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body. B) Water-soluble vitamins are rarely toxic. C) Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed easily from the intestinal tract into the blood. D) Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods.

In the United States, accidental overdose of which of the following is the most common cause of poisoning deaths in children under six? A) lead B) iron C) folate D) zinc

High concentrations of homocysteine in the blood are associated with the development of A) osteoporosis. B) heart disease. C) neural tube defects. D) diabetes.

Unless prescribed by a qualified practitioner, taking a single-nutrient supplement is NOT recommended because it A) may quickly lead to a nutrient toxicity. B) will cost too much money. C) might lead to a nutrient dependency. D) might reduce your appetite.

Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects? A. vitamin C b. Iron c. vitamin A d. Calcium

Which statement regarding thiamin is FALSE? A) It plays a role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. B) It is often toxic when consumed in excess. C) It plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy. D) It acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity? A) vitamins C and K C) vitamins A and D B) thiamin and riboflavin D) vitamins E and B12

Milk that is low in fat and produced first in a nursing session is known as A. colostrum b. hindmilk c.foremilk d.final milk

Hyponatremia is associated with A) excessive intake of dietary sodium. C) insufficient intake of dietary sodium. B) dehydration. D) overhydration

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin? a. leafy green vegetables b. citrus fruits c. pork products d. milk

Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Bob to follow to increase his body's absorption of dietary iron? A) cooking his foods in cast-iron pans B) eating meat with beans and vegetables C) drinking a glass of milk with his iron supplement D) drinking a glass of orange juice with his breakfast cereal

The primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is A) relaxation of the smooth muscles. C) overeating by the mother. B) inadequate fluid intake by the mother. D) intolerance to prenatal vitamins.

At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important? A) immediately prior to delivery B) during the second trimester C) during the first four weeks after conception D) during the third trimester

Why is it strongly recommended that infants NOT consume honey? A) Honey can lead to chronic diarrhea in infants. B) Honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C) Infants do not like the taste of honey. D) Honey consumption during infancy is associated with the development of dental caries.

Chromium assists in the uptake of which of the following? A) potassium B) sodium C) glucose D) calcium

36) Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that bled a lot before it clotted. Which of the following 3 deficiencies might cause increased bleeding? A) copper B) iron C) zinc D) vitamin K

37) In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens? A) first B) second C) third D) vitamin K

What percentage of an adults healthy body weight is fluid? a. 50 to 90 percent b 50 to 70 c. 50 to 30 d. 50

The chronic overconsumption of which of the following foods can result in a biotin deficiency ? a. natural licorice b. grapefruit c. herbal tea d. raw egg whites

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the A) mother's height. B) mother's weight at the end of the first trimester. C) mother's weight before becoming pregnant. D) size of the fetus at 3 months' gestation.

Which of the following is NOT associated with gestational diabetes? A) delivery of a low birth weight infant B) increased maternal risk of developing type 2 diabetes C) increased fetal risk of developing type 2 diabetes D) increased fetal risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life

A healthy-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy? A) 25 to 35 B) 25 to 30 C) 25 to 40 D) 25 to 45

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body? A) thiamin B) vitamin B12 C) vitamin D D) vitamin C

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins? A) Over-consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms. B) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat. C) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver. D) Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.

During the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by how many kilocalories per day? a. 350 to 750 b. 350 to 500 c. 350 to 450 d. 350 to 600

Iron absorption is highest when A) iron stores are high. C) iron stores are low. B) iron intake is high. D) stomach acid is low

Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium? A) 1 medium fresh orange B) 1 large dill pickle C) 1 cup of canned vegetable soup D) 1 oz of potato chips

48) Most of a pregnant woman's nutrient needs can be met by consuming a healthful, balanced diet, except for which specific nutrient? A) calcium B) iron C) folate D) protein

Which of the following will impair iron absorption? A) low amounts of stomach acid C) low dietary intake of iron B) iron-deficiency anemia D) chronic blood loss

Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood 50) pressure levels? A) potassium B) chloride C) skin. D) sodium

MOST water is lost daily via the A) kidneys. B) colon. c. skin d. lungs

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant? A) The protein in breast milk is easy for the infant to digest. B) The fat in breast milk is difficult for the infant to digest. C) The DHA found in breast milk is essential to the development of the infant's nervous system and retina. D) The antibodies and immune factors found in breast milk help to protect the infant from infection.

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism? A) elevated blood volume and pressure B) dryness of the mouth and throat tissues C) decreased concentration of solutes in the blood D) eating sweet-tasting foods

Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized? A) vitamin D B) vitamin B12 C) vitamin C D) folate

The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green's A) low protein content. B) low calcium content. C) high levels of oxalates. D) high vitamin C content

Trace minerals are those our body needs in what amount per day? A) less than 100 mg B) less than 20 C) less than 10 mg D) less than 50 mg

Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin C in the diet? A) serving corn chips with salsa B) making a salad with strawberries, kiwi fruit, cantaloupe, and orange slices C) eating raw red, green, and yellow peppers with a low-fat dip D) boiling vegetables to bring the vitamin to the surface of the food

Which of the following is NOT a strong influence on adolescent food patterns? A) personal food preferences B) parents C) peers D) their own sense of what foods comprise a healthful, adequate diet

Which of the following are rich sources of vitamin C? A) milk and cheese C) seafood B) green and red peppers D) wheat and oats

In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining A) blood coagulation. B) blood glucose levels. C) vitamin D production. D) blood calcium levels

Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems? a. antioxidant vitamins b. phytochemicals c. antioxidant minerals d. gastrointestinal microflora

Where do humans obtain vitamin D? a. intestinal bacteria b. moonlight c. stomach bacteria d. sunlight

Beta-carotene is a precursor of A) zeaxanthin. B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin A

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium? A) Calcium's alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance. B) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue. C) When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton. D) Calcium is a major mineral.

What is the term for a situation in which people are unable to obtain enough food to meet their daily physical needs? A) food poverty B) food insecurity C) food anxiety D) food shortage

The type of undernutrition that affects toddlers who have recently been weaned from breast milk and given a diet that is severely lacking in protein is known as A) kwashiorkor. B) protein-deficit malnutrition. C) marasmus. D) toddler malnutrition.

The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time? A) 1500 B) 1000 C) 500 D) 200

Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids? A) Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant. B) Consuming excess dietary beta-carotene can cause skin discoloration. C) Cooking foods that contain dietary carotenoids enhances their absorption. D) Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources of dietary carotenoids

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C? A) assists in the synthesis of collagen B) enhances the absorption of dietary iron C) prevents the common cold D) ensures proper wound healing

Compounds that protect our cells from the damage caused by oxidation are known as A) antioxidants. B) electrolytes. C) prooxidants. D) free radicals.

A group of fat-soluble plant pigments that are the basis for the orange, red, and deep yellow colors of many fruits and vegetables are called A) chlorophylls. B) provitamins. C) carotenoids. D) prooxidants.

In addition to dietary sources, vitamin K is produced in our A) mouth. B) stomach. C) brain. D) large intestine.

Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and A) the use of vitamin C supplements. B) the use of beta-carotene supplements. C) increased consumption of monounsaturated fattyacids d. increased consumption of fruits and vegtables

Adolescent acne is caused by A) eating fatty foods. C) hormonal changes. B) lack of adequate fluid intake. D) consumption of chocolate.

Which of the following is our primary dietary source vitamin D? A) milk B) seafood C) chicken D) green leafy vegetables

Which of the following provides more than three times the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K? A) 1/2 cup of boiled turnip greens C) 1 tablespoon of canola oil B) 1 cup of raw cabbage D) 1 cup of boiled broccoli

Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled? A) bone growth B) bone regeneration C) bone modeling D) bone remodeling

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals? A) Exposure to pollution increases free radical production. B) Many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to free radical damage. C) Free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism. D) Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.

What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation? a. chlorine b. vitamin d c. flouride d. sodium

The most common nutritional deficiency worldwide is a. protein b. vitamin a c. iron d.iodine

A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is A) oxidation. B) radiation. C) mineralization. D) reduction.

The RDA for carbohydrate for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, teens, and adults is how many grams per day? A) 95 B) 250 c. 10 d. 130

The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is A) maintaining a healthy immune system. B) acting as an antioxidant and scavenging free radicals. C) maintaining a healthy reproductive system. D) maintaining healthy vision.

The RDA for which nutrient decreases with age, for women? A) calcium B) vitamin D C) iron d. vitamin c

Which of the following terms is synonymous with the word malignant? a. benign b. undifferentiated c. tumor d. cancerous

Vitamin D toxicity is associated with A) suntan lotions. B) seafood. c. supplements d. sunburns

Vitamin K's primary role in the body is A) muscle contraction. b. blood clotting c. nerve transmission d. enzyme action

Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources? A) A and D B) C and D c. d and e d. d and k

Fluorosis is associated with A) insufficient intake of fluoride. C) osteoporosis. b. consuming to much fluoride d. alzheimers

A reduced production of gastric secretions often seen in older adults can result in A) a reduced absorption of vitamin B12. B) a reduced absorption of calcium. C) a reduced absorption of potassium. D) an increased absorption of vitamin C.

The point in life at which our bones are the densest is called what? A) pubertal bone density B) menopausal bone density C) late adulthood bone density D) peak bone density

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs as a person ages? A) decreased taste and smell acuity B) decreased fat mass C) decreased bone density D) decreased lean body mass

Janie is three years old. What serving size of green beans would you recommend for her? a. 6 tablespoons b. 3 tablespoons c. reduces math mistakes d. improves attention and memory

Which of the following is NOT associated with eating a healthy breakfast? A) impairs students' ability to learn B) reduces tardiness and improves overall attendance C) reduces math mistakes D) improves attention and memory

Which of the following foods would be the BEST dietary source of preformed vitamin A? A) cantaloupe B) rice C) eggs D) carrots

Infants and children who suffer from malnutrition have a higher mortality rate as a result of A) the limited access to health care. B) diarrhea due to drinking unsanitary water. C) starving to death because of the lack of food. D) decreased resistance to infectious diseases.

The lack of which nutrient in the diet can lead to night blindness in children? A) iodine B) zinc C) vitamin A d. vitamin c

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase? A) decline in milk consumption B) increased longevity of the population C) inadequate treatment options D) increased diagnostic tools

Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E? A) milk and dairy products B) meat, fish, and poultry C) fruits and vegetables D) mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds

Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because A) newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K. B) the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. C) newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula. D) breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K

In the body, vitamin D is essential for A) blood clotting. C) stimulation of nerve impulses. B) calcification of bone. D) muscle contraction.

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of dietary calcium for a young toddler? A) skim milk B) spinach C) whole milk D) yogurt

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C? A) Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers. B) Vitamin C helps the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells. C) Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. D) Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Which of the following is NOT associated with developing toddlers' healthy eating habits? A) rewarding meal completion with dessert B) snacking between meals C) including toddlers in food shopping and preparation D) small portion sizes

Which of the following will NOT help establish healthful eating habits in toddlers? A) Model healthful eating. B) Provide small meals alternated with nutritious snacks. C) Use positive reinforcement to encourage healthful behaviors. D) Use food as a reward for healthful behaviors.

Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium? A) citrus fruits C) green leafy vegetables B) french fries and onion rings D) soft drinks and fruit juices