Bath: Benefits and Effects

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Why would you use a Contrast Bath?
answer
-Impaired venous circulation -Edema -Sinus/Congestive headaches -Transition between acute and subacute inflammatory conditions
question
What are the effects of a Paraffin Bath?
answer
-Increased ROM -Retains perspiration -Softens and moistens skin
question
What are the effects of MHP?
answer
-Decreased sensory nerve sedation -Pain reduction -Increased tissue extensibility -Increased vasodilation and blood flow -Increased perspiration = increased conductivity for estim -Increased local metabolism
question
What are the contraindications for cryotherapy?
answer
-Systemic Lupus -Raynaud's Syndrom -Regeneration of peripheral nerves -Moderate/Total loss of sensation -Open wounds (24-72hr)
question
What are the contraindication for hydrotherapy?
answer
-All general heat contraindications -Venous ulcers -HTN -Respiratory instability -Phobic of water -Pt's unable to transfer or sit safely *Note: be cautious of pt's with seizure disorder
question
Thermal Agents: Temp and Duration
answer
*MHP:* 170 degrees; 15-30 minutes *Paraffin:* 125-127 degrees; 20 minutes *Fluidotherapy:* 110-125 degrees; 20-30 minutes
question
Why would you use a MHP?
answer
-Subacute or Chronic conditions
question
What are the contraindications to using a MHP?
answer
-infection -fever -cancer -active bleeding -PVD -Acute inflammatory conditions -Devitalized tissue -Old/Young pt with thermoregulation issues -Cardiac insufficiency
question
Why would you use cryotherapy?
answer
-acute inflammatory conditions -edema -pain -muscle spasms
question
Cryotherapy Agents: Temps and Durations
answer
*Cold Pack:* 12 degrees; 10-30 minutes *Iced Towels:* 10 minutes (changed every 45s) *Ice Massage:* 10-15 minutes *Cold Immersion:* -cool= 67-80 degrees -cold= 55-67 degrees -very cold= 32-55 degrees -duration= 10-20 minutes *Vapocoolant:* 5 minutes *Contrast Bath:* -warm water= 100-110 degrees -cold water= 55-65 degrees -duration= 20-30 minutes
question
What is the purpose and the effects of Thermal Agents?
answer
Purpose: to increase temperature of target tissue to a temperature to produce local therapeutic effects Effects: -Increased cell permeability/capillary pressure -Increased metabolism -Increased perspiration -Sedation of sensory nerves -Increased tissue extensibility
question
What are the effects of cryotherapy?
answer
-Decreased pain -Vasoconstriction -Decreased local metabolism -Decreased acute edema -Decreased nerve conduction -Decreased strength production -Decreased spasticity
question
General guidelines for hydrotherapy temps and durations.
answer
-Duration: 20 minutes -For rinsing, soaking, irrigating wounds: 1-5 min -For debridement: 10-20 min -Full Body Immersion: never greater than 102 degrees -Chronic pain: 99-110 degrees -Open wounds, Circulatory, Cardiac: 92-99 degrees -Aquatic PT: 80-92 degrees -DOMS: 55-65 degrees
question
Why would you use a Paraffin Bath?
answer
-Subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions -Useful before massage
question
What are contraindications for Paraffin bath?
answer
-All general heat contraindications -Active acute inflammatory phase -Open wounds -Skin infections
question
Why would you use an ice massage?
answer
-Muscle guarding -Trigger points -Acute injury -Decrease pain and edema -Hemorrhage
question
What are contraindications to contrast baths?
answer
-All general heat and cold contraindications *Note: be cautious of pts with fragile skin or loss of sensation
question
What are the effects of hydrotherapy?
answer
-Increased metabolism -Increased vasodilation, blood flow -Increased ROM -Muscle relaxation -Sensory nerve sedation -Hydrostatic pressure increases lymphatic production
question
Why would you use a vapocoolant spray?
answer
-Muscle spasms -Trigger points -Myofascial conditons
question
What are the contraindications for Fluidotherapy?
answer
-All general heat contraindications -Cancerous lesions -Open wounds *Note: be cautious of pt's with allergies to dust/pollen
question
Why would you use fluidotherapy?
answer
-Desensitization of hypersensitive tissue -Decreased pain -Do therapy during treatment -Increased ROM
question
What are the general precautions and contraindications to thermal agents?
answer
Precautions: -Edema -Loss of sensation -Confusion -Mottling -Dilated arterioles Contraindications: -Fever -Cancer -Active bleeding -PVD -Acute inflammatory conditions -Young/Old -Devitalized tissue -Cardiac insufficiency
question
Why would you use hydrotherapy?
answer
-Subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions -Early PVD -Peripheral nerve injuries (m. weakness)
question
What are the effects of Infrared?
answer
Long waves: *1-2mm depth, penetrates the epidermis Short waves: *up to 10mm depth, penetrates epidermis and dermis
question
What is the method of transference of infrared?
answer
Radiant heat -increases the heat of objects without affecting the medium (object absorbs the waves)
question
What are the contraindications to infrared?
answer
-All heat contraindications -Sunburns -Over scar tissue
question
What are the effects of shortwave diathermy?
answer
-same as general heat modalities -Increased CT extensibility -Increased metabolism -Increased vasodilation = blood flow -Increased perspiration -Muscle relaxation = Decreased muscle spasm -Decreased sensory nerve conduction = Decreased pain
question
Short Wave Diathermy: Induction Field
answer
-Pt is not part of electromagnetic circuit -Heats muscle and good conductors of heat Two Types: 1. Hinged Drum *more common, pre-coiled cable housed in a drum = strong the current 2. Cable *PT manually coils cable around pt's tissue, must be evenly spaced out, amount of cable must be equal, time consuming -Delivered pulsed/continuous: pulsed allows for increased treatment intensities and longer durations
question
Short Wave Diathermy: Capacitance Field
answer
-Pt is part of the circuit -Not commonly seen -Body part is placed between 2 pads -Heat is produced by vibration/distortion of molecules -Heats adipose and bone which are poor conductors of heat -Uses air spaced plates: must be evenly spaced from pt tissue, have even contact, same distance from tissue, hot spots can occur if not aligned properly
question
What is reflection?
answer
Throwing back of a ray of radiant energy from a surface -ability to "bounce off" different surfaces -degree of reflection is reduced as treatment angle approaches 90* -the incident source needs to be at 90* for penetration to occur in a predictable area
question
What is absorption?
answer
Ability to take in light or radiant energy -inversely related to penetration -if an energy source is absorbed by whatever its passing through, then it will not penetrate deeply
question
What is the treatment method for both Hot/Cold UV lamp?
answer
-Establish the MED -Once MED is est. the source must be kept at same distance as when MED was est. so dose is consistent -When treating tissue, different erythemic dosages have certain effects: *SED: suberythemal dose; no erythemia, vit D produced, appropriate for full body treatment *E1: 2.5xMED, erythemia 1-3 days, clear reddening, some scaling *E2: 5xMED, intense erythemia with edema, peeling, pigmentation *E3: 10x MED, erythemia with severe blistering, peeling, and exudation
question
Why would you used infrared?
answer
-Seeping wounds -Area is always visible -Less chance of infection -No weight of equipment or compression
question
What are the disadvantages of infrared?
answer
-Glare can irritate eyes -Pt can't move -Difficult to position, area must be exposed -Need to keep site dry -Difficult to treat a small area due to spreading of waves
question
What is the method for infrared?
answer
-Position lamps so a majority of waves are perpendicular to treatment area -Instruct pt not to touch lamp -Protect pt's eyes
question
What method is UV transferred by?
answer
Radiation -radiant energy from a warmer source to a cooler source -all UV rays are produced from sun
question
What are 3 types of generators of UV?
answer
-Hot UV Lamp (Hot Quartz) -Cold UV Lamp (Cold Quartz) -Dermatologist Office type
question
What is the method for Hot Quartz UV?
answer
-Most commonly used -Made of quartz tube that transmits UV waves -Air cooled, high pressure mercury vapor lamp -Can produce all 3 UV bands -Should not be closer than 15 in from target tissue -Requires 5 min warm up time for machine prior to treatment
question
What is Cold Quartz UV?
answer
-Similar to hot quartz lamp but lower temp -UVC band only produced *effective in killing bacteria in wounds -Portable, can be used at short distances -Source should be at least 1 in from target tissue -Machine requires 1-3 min warm up prior to treatment
question
What is MED
answer
Minimal Erythemal Dose -smallest dose that produces erythemia that appears in 1-6 hours and disappears within 24 hours
question
What is the method for Hot Quartz UV lamp?
answer
-Position 30 in away from highest point of pt's exposed body -First the therapist must determine MED
question
What is the method for Cold Quartz UV lamp?
answer
-Position 1 inch away from pt's skin -MED is typically not needed to be established first -Generally, MED = 12-15s
question
What is referred pain?
answer
Pain arising from deep body structures but felt at a distant site -must treat the source of the pain -important to explain this rationale to the pt
question
What is the inverse square law?
answer
The intensity of the waves from a source varies inversely with the square distance from the source -further the source from the tissue = weaker energy (due to more scattering)
question
What are the physical properties of light?
answer
-Reflection -Refraction -Absorption
question
What are the disadvantages of shortwave diathermy?
answer
-Scatters radiant energy 2ft from source -Clinicians need to maintain a 3ft distance to avoid overexposure to radiation -Not common in clinic -Treatment site not visible -More contraindications to shortwave diathermy
question
What is the method for shortwave diathermy?
answer
Treatment time = 20-30 minutes *sub acute: 15-20 minutes Frequency = 1-2x/day (subacute), less often for more chronic conditions -Remove all jewelry from area -Pt will feel warmth -Pt should not move during treatment
question
What are contraindications for shortwave diathermy?
answer
-Hemorrhage -Metal in treatment site (on pt or PTA) -Cardiac disease/pacemaker -Pregnancy (pt or PTA) -Epiphysis of a growing bone -Adipose -Application over the skull -All general heat contraindications
question
What are the advantages of shortwave diathermy?
answer
-Penetrates deeper than other thermal agents -Retain heat for longer periods than US so it prolongs time available for stretching
question
Why would you use shortwave diathermy?
answer
-Subacute/Chronic inflammatory conditions -Promotes healing of deeper open wounds (due to increased fibroblast activity)
question
What is refraction?
answer
Bending of energy that is related to energy source -"incident angle" -when angle is less than 90*, part of the energy may be bent or refracted so that the energy enters the tissue in an unpredictable manner
question
How do you determine the MED?
answer
For Hot Quartz: -cut 6 shapes into a 6x10in paper -each shape is exposed to a set amount of UV light by gradually uncovering more of the shapes in a prescribed time frame -source is positioned 30 in away from tissue 1. 30s/120s 2. 30s/90s 3. 15s/60s 4. 15s/30s 5. 15s/15s -check skin every 2hrs -record appearance/fade times -do not repeat until effects of first treatment have disappeared
question
What are the precautions for UV?
answer
-meds that increase photosensitivity -food allergies -disease states -increased estrogen levels
question
What are the contraindications for UV?
answer
-TB -Hyperthyroidism -DM -Acute eczema/dermatitis -Fever -Cancer -Sunburn
question
What are the advantages of UV?
answer
-Mostly for wound healing -Acne -Pressure sores -Slow healing sores -Psoriasis
question
Describe the nonluminous (carborumdum core) infrared lamp.
answer
-Can't see light -Long waves = 1-2 mm depth of penetration -Metal core covered with a mesh screen -Red glow produced -Warm up time = 5-10 min -36 in away from body
question
What is shortwave diathermy?
answer
"Heat through" -Uses electromagnetic energy to produce heat within body's tissue -Shortwave Diathermy = uses magnetic energy -Transferred: conversion (electromagnetic- mechanical) -Depth: 3-5cm -Affects a large surface area -Heat is retained 3x longer than US -Delivered continuously or pulsed -2 Types: Induction Field and Capacitance Field
question
Describe the luminous (tungsten filament) infrared lamp.
answer
-can see light -short waves = 10mm -bulb is mounted in a metal reflector (like a light bulb) -no warm up time is necessary -less intense -30 in away from body
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New