Flashcards for Chapter 6 in Chemistry

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What are actinide series?
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in the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 7 that follow the element actinuim
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What are alkali metals?
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Group 1 elements, except for hydrogen, they are reactive and usually exist as compounds with other elements
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What are alkaline earth metals?
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Group 2 elements in the modern periodic table and are highly reactive
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What is a group?
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a vertical column of elements in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number; also called a family
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What are halogens?
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Highly reactive elements in group 7A or 17
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What are inner transition metals?
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A type of group B element that is contained in the f-block of the periodic table and is characterized by a filled outermost orbital, and filled or partially filled 4f and 5f orbitals
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What s the lanthanide series?
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In the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 6 that follow the element lanthanum
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What is a metal?
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an element that is solid at room temperature and are located on the left of the zig-zag line, but not on it
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What is a metalliod?
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an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals, located on either side of the zig-zag line
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What is a noble gas?
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an extremely unreactive group 8A(18) element
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What is a nonmetal?
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Element that is gernerally a gas, or a dull, brittle solid and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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What is a period?
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a horizontal row of elements in the modern periodic table
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What is the Periodic Law?
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States that when the elements are arragned by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties
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What are representative elements?
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elements from groups 1,2,and 13-18 in the modern periodic table, possessing a wide range of chemical and physical properties(all but the transition and inner transition metals)
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What are transition elements?
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elements in groups 3-12 of the modern periodic table and are further divided into transition metals and inner transition metals
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What is a transition metal?
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An element in groups 3-12 that is contained in the d-block of the periodic table and, with some exceptions, is characterized by a filled outermost s orbital of energy level n and filled or partially filled d orbitals of energy level n-1
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What is electronegativity?
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Indicates the relative ability of an element's atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond
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What is an ion?
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an atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
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What is ionization energy?
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the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
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What is the octet rule?
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States that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons in order to acquire the stable electron configuration of a noble gas
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What are some properties of metals?
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malleable and ductile, good conductor of electricity, lustrous, silver or white in color, good conductor of heat
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What are some characteristics of nonmetals?
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solids, liquids or gases; do not conduct electricity, do not conduct heat; do not react with acids; likely brittle if solid
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What are some characteristics of metalloids?
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combine properties of metals and nonmetals
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In the element [Kr]5s24d10 What is the period? What is the block? What is the group?
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The period is 5, the block is d, and the group is 12
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What groups are in block "s"?
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1A and 2A and helium
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What groups are in block d?
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group 3-10
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What groups are in block p?
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13-18 or 3A-8A
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What groups are in f block?
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the inner transition metals
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As you go across the period, What does atomic radii do?
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it genergally decreases
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As you go down the group, What does the atomic radii do?
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it increases
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Why does the atomic radii decrease across a period?
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the greater the atomic number the more protons that are in the nucleus which causes a greater positive charge to pull in the electrons
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Why does the atomic radii increase as you go down the group?
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because the farther down you go, the more energy levels you have
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What happens to the ionization energy as you go down the period? as you go across the period?
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down-ionization energies decrease, across-ionization energies increase
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What happens to the ionic radius as you go down the group?
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it decreases
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Why do nonmetals have a greater ionic radius than their atomic radius?
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because of the electron's tendency to repel one another; when an electron is added, the electrons push away from one another
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What does electronegativity do when you go down the period? across the period?
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down- it decreases; across-it increases
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What scientist came up with the Law of octaves which says the there is a periodic repetition in the elements?
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John Newlands
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What scientist came up with the Law of octaves which says the there is a periodic repetition in the elements?
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John Newlands
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What 2 scientists organized the periodic table according to increasing atomic masses?
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Meyer and Mendeleev
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Who came up with the modern periodic table today, and what is it based on?
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Moseley; atomic number
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