First Aid NCMC ch 17-22 – Flashcards

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With an Unknown sudden illness, what should you give the victim to drink?
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Nothing
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six common signs of heart attack:
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Shortness of breath, Chest pain/pressure, sweating, nausea, pale skin, dizziness
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A victim has chest pain. How do you decide if it's angina or heart attack?
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Angina is usually after exertion; if it lasts more than 10 minutes or other symptoms are present, then treat as a heart attack.
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First action for a heart attack victim is:
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Call 9-1-1
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Position a stroke victim such that:
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Fluids drain from the mouth
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T/F - You must know the specific cause of difficulty breathing to render first aid?
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False: call 9-1-1, place in position easiest to breath, assist with prescribed medication, monitor the victim
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To help someone breath more easily, help into what position?
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Let the victim find the position in which he or she can breath most easily
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What is the best thing a person with asthma can do when having an attack?
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Use his/her prescribed medicine
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Should you have a hyperventilation victim breath into a bag?
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No, may disrupt the balance of O2 / CO2 in the blood.
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When should you call 9-1-1 for a victim of hyperventilation?
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If breathing doesn't return to normal after a few minutes
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When should you call 9-1-1 for a victim who faints?
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If victim doesn't regain consciousness soon or faints repeatedly
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when a victim faints, what part of the body should you raise about 12 inches?
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The legs
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The first aid for seizures - first step:
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Prevent injury - move dangerous objects and put something flat and soft under the the head. remove glasses (Do not put anything in the victims mouth!)
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Some (seven) reasons to call 9-1-1 for a seizure victim includes:
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Lasts more than 5 min, no history of seizure, consecutive seizures, pregnancy, trouble breathing, slow recovery, medical ID bracelet indicates.
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What should you do for a young adult whose abdomen feels hard?
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Seek urgent medical care
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Five common signs/symptoms of low blood sugar:
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Dizziness, Hunger, Clumsiness, sweating, confusion
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You know a person is diabetic, but are unsure if blood sugar is too high or too low. What should you do?
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Give sugar, wait fifteen minutes for symptoms to clear. If not improving after fifteen minutes, call 9-1-1.
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Six common signs of sudden illness:
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Feeling ill, dizzy, confused, weak, skin color changes (flushed or pale), sweating, breathing changes
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When should you call 9-1-1 for an illness that occurs suddenly and without explanation?
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Always!
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Most crucial aspect of first aid for a stroke victim:
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Call 9-1-1 immediately
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Low oxygen blood levels from breathing difficulty could cause:
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Dizziness or disorientation
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To help a person who is hyperventilating:
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ask the victim to breath slowly
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Which of the following can cause altered mental status: - Stroke, - Poisoning, - Head injury?
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All of the above
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Five common signs of swallowed poison:
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Vomiting, Unresponsiveness, Nausea, Dizziness, Drowsiness, (VUNDD)
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One action you take for food poison that you do not take for swallowed poison:
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Push lots of fluids to drink
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First action for a victim of carbon monoxide poison
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Move the victim to fresh air
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You find a child unresponsive next to an open bottle of cleaning product. What actions do you take?
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Call 9-1-1, BLS, Recovery position
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First step for contact dermatitis (Poison ivy)
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Wash with soap and water (try to prevent water from spreading the resin).
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When should someone with poison oak or ivy see a healthcare provider?
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When there is severe reaction, Swelling (face, eyes, genitals), or infection (Puss). PuSS - Puss, Severe, Swelling
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What can Hydrocortisone do for poison ivy?
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Reduce itching
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Where do most poisonings occur?
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In the home
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What group experiences the largest percentage of poisonings?
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Children under age 6
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Which of the following may be poisonous: - Cosmetics, - Vitamins with iron, - Arts and crafts supplies
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All of the above
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T/F - Poison can cause altered mental status?
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True
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First response for a child who swallowed poison?
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Call the Poison Control Center (800-222-1222) or 9-1-1 for unresponsive victim
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A few hours after eating a victim feels ill. When should you seek medical help for this victim?
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When there is shaking/chills, dizziness, or skin is cold and clammy (any of the above).
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What position do you place an unresponsive victim who has been suspected of swallowing poison?
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Recovery position
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T/F - Carbon Monoxide may cause dizziness?
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True
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What kind of homeopathic remedy can you use for poison ivy?
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A paste of baking soda and water (thick enough it will stay on the affected area).
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Two most commonly abused drugs in the United States:
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Alcohol and Marijuana
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Substance abuse prevention efforts should focus on what age groups?
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Children and Adolescents
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Three actions to prevent the misuse of prescribed drugs:
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1. Read product information that comes with medication, 2. Keep meidcation in their original labeled containers 3. Ensure that a persom with diminished judgment cannot take too much
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Treating an intoxicated person who "passes out"
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1.Check for injury, 2. Place in recovery position, 3. Monitor/BLS, 4. Call 9-1-1 for irregular breathing, seizure, or comma
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How is alcohol similar to narcotic drugs in high doses?
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Both are depressants and can lead to impaired respiration or comma.
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Four actions to take for a drug/medication overdose
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1. Call 9-1-1 or PCC, 2. Check for injuries, 3. Try to keep person awake, 4. Find out what the person took. C-CAT (Call, Check, Awake, Took)
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T/F Seizures can result from alcohol poisoning?
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True
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To assess an intoxicated victim's injury, rely on what?
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Mainly, just visible signs of injury.
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Severe alcohol withdrawal may cause:
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Hallucinations!
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A man says he took too many "percs". What should you do?
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Call the PCC for more information on how to treat him
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First aid for drug over-dose is typically the same as first aid for what?
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Poisoning.
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To minimize the risk of rabies from an animal bite:
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See a healthcare provider immediately
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Why are human bites serious medical conditions?
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The human mouth contains many bacteria and pathogens that are very infectious.
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Three actions to take for a snakebite:
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Lay victim down, Bite area below the heart, call 9-1-1 (Do not suck the wound or apply a tourniquet). For coral snake only, apply an elastic bandage (not too tight) up the entire limb (to prevent lymph movement).
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For spider bites, when should you call 9-1-1?
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For all brown recluse bites, when the victim has trouble breathing
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A tick is best removed by using?
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Tweezers. Grab the tick at the head and steadily pull straight out (do not twist)
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A prominent sign of Lyme disease from a tick:
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A bulls-eye rash within a range of 3 - 30 days after a tick bite
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A bee stinger can be removed from the skin by using a __________ ______________
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credit card
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A person is stung by a bee. Her face is red, skin, eyes, and mouth look puffy, she seems short of breath. What four actions do you take?
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1. Call 9-1-1, 2. Ask about an epi-pen, 3. Monitor breathing, 4. Treat for shock
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What can you put on a jellyfish sting to ease the pain?
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Vinegar or baking soda
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Which of the following is first aid for a snake bite: -Sucking the wound -Applying turniquet -Washing with soap and water -Applying a hot compress
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Washing with soap and water
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Why should you not try to remove a tick with a hot match or fire?
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It may cause the tick to regurgitate infectious material into the wound.
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What disease is the most important reason to prevent misquito bites in the united states?
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West Nile Virus
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When should 9-1-1 be called for a bee sting?
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When there is a known allergy
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T/F - rubbing frost bitten fingers is the best way to warm them?
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False - it may damage the skin
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What color does frostbitten skin tend to be?
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White, gray, yellow, or blue-ish
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A man has frostbitten ears. Name three steps to take for him.
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Warm his ears with your hands (ensuring not to rub them), Protect his ears from being rubbed , Seek medical care (WPM / WaP'eM - Warm Protect Medical)
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Does the temperature have to be below freezing for hypothermia to set in?
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No, it just has to be cold enough that the body cannot produce enough heat to compensate. Especially takes place for a victim in wet clothing
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A mildly hypothermic victim is brought to a ski lodge. Your treatment should include:
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Removing wet clothing and warming with a blanket
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In the wild, how can you treat hypothermia with typical camping materials?
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get victim into a tent, remove wet clothing and warm in a sleeping bag. offer the victim a warm drink.
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For abdominal heat cramps, what two actions can be taken?
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Rest in shade and drink a sports drink
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To treat heat cramps:
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Drink a sports drink or water
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Do you give salt tablets to a victim with heat exhaustion?
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NO! offer a sports drink
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Heat exhaustion begins when a person in a hot environment is not getting enough ________
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Fluids
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Three possible ways to cool a victim with heat exhaustion:
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Wet cloth on head, Sponge water on skin, Spray skin with water and cool with fan
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Five steps to treat heat exhaustion:
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1. Get into cool/shade, 2. Loosen clothing, 3. Give sports drink/water, 4. Lay down and raise legs 8-12 inches, 5. Cool body with water.
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T/F - For heat stroke, you can take a victim home if they feel better?
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False - always get medical care for a stroke
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When do you call 9-1-1 for a victim of heat stroke?
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Call 9-1-1 for all victims of heat stroke
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What is the behavior of a heat stroke victim
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Disoriented, Irrational, Dizzy, Confused, and may become Unresponsive (DID CU)
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Muscle contraction produces (a. Heat, B. Cold)
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Heat
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What groups of people are heat and cold emergencies more likely?
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Elderly, people with chronic diseases, Infants
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Protection first aid for frostbite includes
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Protecting area from rubbing and constrictive jewelry
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To help prevent hypothermia a person should stay ________
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dry
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Signs and symptoms of hypothermia include:
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Apathy and confussion
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first aid for severe hypothermia includes calling ______
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9-1-1
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What order do heat illnesses progress with activity in hot environment?
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Heat cramps --> Heat exhaustion --> Heat stroke
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Normal responses to many injuries includes:
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Trembling/shakiness, Altered mental status, Fear/anxiety,
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Ten conditions that may result in altered mental status
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Respiratory emergencies, Poisoning, Seizure, Stroke, Drug overdose, Cardiac emergencies, Head injuries, Diabetic emergencies, High fever, Heat or Cold emergencies.
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Five things you can do to help calm an emotional victim
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Reassure them help is on the way, Let them tell you what they think is wrong, Make eye contact, Tell what you plan to do, move calmly and/or slowly.
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Should you acknowledge that a person seems depressed?
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Yes, do not just pretend nothing is wrong
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If a person talks about suicide should you just shrug it off?
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No, talking about it is a major warning sign
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A behavioral emergency seems a bit threatening. Three steps:
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1. Do not enter scene if unsafe (encourage others to stay back too), 2. Call 9-1-1, 3.Talk to the person calmly and quietly. Try to divert the person from any violent action by keeping him/her talking.
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If you suspect a child is being abused:
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Report it to the authorities
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Four common characteristics of domestic violence:
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Victim: loves their partner, feels guilty/blames themselves, has low self-esteem, depends emotionally or financially on their partner
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Elder abuse includes what three things?
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Sexual abuse, Abandonment, Neglect
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Six first aid actions for victim of rape:
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1. Be sensitive to emotion, 2. call 9-1-1, 3. Ensure victim privacy, 4. have first aider of same sex and/or family/friend, 5. give first aid till help arrives, 6. preserve evidence
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T/F - Altered mental status can occur from injuries that reduce oxygen levels
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True
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Why is it important to calm a victim of emotional distress?
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Stress has negative physical affects, cannot help an uncooperative person, Keeps victim from becoming violent
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Should you keep eye contact with a person who is irrational?
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Yes
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One thing to reassure a victim of depression:
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"There are programs available to help you deal with problems like this"
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a parent accused of abusing a child will most likely __________
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deny it
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T/F - A reasonable suspicion of child abuse is grounds to report to authorities?
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True
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Suspected cases of child abuse should be reported by who?
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Those who ahve cause to suspect abuse or violence
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One way to preserve evidence of rape is:
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asking the victim to not wash until examined by a healthcare provider.
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