First Aid, CPR, & AED – Flashcards
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What are your four goals when you help a victim?
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1. Keep the victim alive 2. Keep their condition from worsening 3. Give first aid until help arrives 4. Get medical care
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True or False: Check the victim quickly before calling 911.
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True
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True or False: Ask a responsive adult for consent for you to give care.
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True
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True or False: Do not move the victim unnecessarily.
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True
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What are the six steps you should follow in any emergency?
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1. Recognize the emergency 2. Check the scene to make sure it's safe 3. Check the person 4. Call 911 (when appropriate) 5. Care for the person (get consent if the person is conscious) 6. Have the person seek medical attention when needed
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When calling 911, be prepared to give this information to the dispatcher:
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- Your name - The phone number you are using -The location and number of victims - The victim's approximate age, sex, and condition (responsive? breathing? bleeding?) - What happened to the victim and any special circumstances - What is being done for the victim
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What kinds of diseases could be spread during first aid if you do not take precautions?
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HIV and Hepatitis B & C
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Give examples of bodily fluids you should avoid contact with.
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-Breast milk - Stool - Mucus from the nose or lungs - Sweat - Tears - Urine - Vomit
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What precautions can you take to prevent exposure to a victim's fluids?
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- Use personal protective equipment such as medical exam gloves - Wash your hands with soap and water before and after giving first aid - Do not touch you mouth, nose, or eyes when giving first aid (do not eat, drink, or smoke) - If you are exposed to blood or a bodily fluid, was immediately with soap and water then call your health care provider. At work, report the situation to your supervisor
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True or False: After determining the scene is safe, the first thing you should do when you approach a victim is check for responsiveness and normal breathing.
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True
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True or False: If the victim occasionally seems to gasp, this means the victim is breathing normally.
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False
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True or False: Do not stop to call 911 until you've checked the victim all over and have bandaged any bleeding wounds.
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False
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True or False: Check a breathing victim immediately for bleeding that may be life-threatening.
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True
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True or False: If you find a person who is breathing normally, conduct a full physical examination to look for possible causes.
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False
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What does the acronym S.A.M.P.L.E. stand for?
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S. Signs and symptoms A. Allergies M. Medications P. Previous problems L. Last food or drink E. Events
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Unless you are giving first aid for a serious condition, examine an injured victim from head to toe, looking for anything out of the ordinary:
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- Pain when an area is touched - Bleeding or other wounds - An area that is swollen or deformed - Skin color (flushed or pale) - Temperature (hot or cold) - Condition (dry, sweating, or clammy) - Abdominal sensation or movement of the area - A medical alert ID
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For an adult you see collapse, start CPR as soon as you determine the victim is 1.____________ and not 2._________ normally.
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1. Unresponsive 2. Breathing
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In each cycle of CPR, rapidly compress the chest 1.__ times and then give 2._ breaths.
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1. 30 2. 2
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If the AED advises giving a shock, immediately after this shock you should perform CPR starting with 1._ ______ for about 2.___ minutes and then follow the AED prompts.
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1. 5 cycles 2. two
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True or False: If you are alone with an adult you see collapse suddenly, you should call 911 before starting to give CPR.
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True
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True or False: Give chest compressions at a rate of 1 every second.
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False
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True or False: It is okay to use pediatric AED pads on an adult.
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False
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True or False: When giving a breath during CPR, breathe into the victim for about 1 second.
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True
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True or False: When giving chest compressions, allow the chest to move all the way back up between compressions.
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True
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True or False: Begin CPR with 2 quick breaths before starting compressions.
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False
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Use the HAINES (High Arm IN Endangered Spine) recovery position for any victim who is 1.____________ and 2._________.
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1. Unresponsive 2. Breathing
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What are the benefits of the recovery position?
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- It helps keep the airway open - It allows fluids to drain from the mouth - It prevents the inhalation of stomach contents if the victim vomits
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If you believe a person is choking, what should you ask that person?
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Are you choking?
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Where do you position your hands to give abdominal thrusts to a responsive choking victim?
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1 inch above the navel
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In what direction do you provide the abdominal thrusts?
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In and upward
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What is different about CPR given to an unresponsive choking victim compared with conventional CPR for a victim not known to be choking?
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Conventional CPR: 30 compressions CPR for a choking victim: 30 compressions then check for the item
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Heart attack signs and symptoms:
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- persistent discomfort or pressure in chest - pain in neck, jaws, shoulders, and arms - pale skin - sweating - shortness of breath -dizziness -lightheadedness
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When should you call 911 for a possible heart attack?
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If the pain last longer than 10 minutes, or if the pain goes away but comes back
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What first aid can you provide for a possible heart attack?
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1. Call 911 2. Help the person rest 3. Ask about heart medicine 4. Chew 1 aspirin if available
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True or False: The most effective way to stop bleeding is to put firm pressure directly over the wound with a gloved hand.
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True
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True or False: To clean a small wound once bleeding has stopped, pour rubbing alcohol on it.
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False
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True or False: A victim with a gaping wound or a deep puncture wound should seek medical attention.
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True
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How should you clean a wound with dirt in it?
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Rinse with running water then press a sterile dressing or a clean cloth on the wound
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When should you put antibiotic ointment on a wound?
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Once bleeding has stopped
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What are three signs of internal bleeding?
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1. Coughing up blood 2. Abdominal pain 3. Headache
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What is the single most important action to take for a victim with internal bleeding?
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Call 911
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The skin of a victim in shock is typically 1.____ and 2.______.
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1. Cold 2. Clammy
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How should you position a victim in shock?
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Have them lie down and then raise his or her legs if there is no evidence of trauma
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What are the first things you do for a serious burn?
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Remove heat source and cool with water
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Why would you not put water on a burn that covers more than 20% of the body?
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It could result in hypothermia and/or shock
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How long should you flush the skin with water for a chemical burn?
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Until aid arrives
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Signs and symptoms of a second degree burn:
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- Skin is swollen and red, may be blotchy or streaked - Blisters that may be weeping clear fluid, moist-appearing skin - Signs of significant pain
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Signs and symptoms of a third degree burn:
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- Skin damage, charred skin, or white leathery or waxy appearance - May have signs and symptoms of shock - May not be as painful
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How would you treat the victim of a chemical burn?
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1. Move him/her away from the area with fumes 2. Brush off the dried chemical with a gloved hand 3. Remove clothing and jewelry from the area surrounding where the chemical made contact 4. Flush the area with water 5. Call 911
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What are the steps for treating a victim who has inhaled poisonous fumes from a fire?
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1. Get the victim to fresh air 2. Call 911 3. Help the victim into position for easiest breathing
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What are some risk factors that should make you suspect a spinal injury?
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- loss of feeling/tingling in the hands and feet - pain the back of the neck - muscle weakness in torso or arms - intoxicated or not alert
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What are actions you should take for a victim with a suspected spinal injury?
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- Have someone call 911 - Stabilize the victim's head and back in the position found - Monitor the victim's breathing
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What must you not do when trying to control the bleeding on the scalp of a victim with a skull fracture?
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Do not clean the wound, press on it, or remove an impaled object
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How should you try to control the bleeding on the scalp of a victim with a skull fracture?
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Cover the wound with a sterile dressing. If there is significant bleeding, apply pressure only on the edges of the wound. Do not apply pressure if you can feel bone fragments moving.
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Can you move a victim with a skull fracture to look for other injuries on his/her body?
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No, because there might be a spinal injury, too.
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What is the single most important action to take for a victim with an abdominal injury?
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Position the victim on his/her back , loosen any tight clothing, and call 911.
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What should you do immediately for a victim with a hip injury?
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Call 911
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In addition to a hip injury, what life-threatening condition might the victim be experiencing?
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Shock
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What can you do for a victim with a hip injury until help arrives?
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Immobilize his/her legs by padding and bandaged them together, but stop if this only worsens the pain
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What is the meaning of the acronym R.I.C.E.?
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R. Rest I. Ice C. Compression E. Elevation
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What should you do for a victim with a suspected broken arm until help arrives?
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- Immobilize and support the arm and shoulder in the position found - Put an ice bag or cold pack on the painful injured area - Watch for the signs and symptoms of shock
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What are the general sign and symptoms of sudden illness?
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- Feeling ill, dizzy, confused, or weak - Skin color changes (flushed, pale, or ashen) - Sweating - Nausea, vomiting
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What can you do for a victim of any sudden illness if you do not recognize the specific problem?
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1. Call 911 2. Help them rest 3. No food or drink 4. Monitor their body temperature
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Defining characteristic of a heart attack:
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persistent chest pain
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Defining characteristic of a stroke:
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1-sides weakness
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Defining characteristic of a seizure:
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convulsions
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Defining characteristic of a diabetic emergency:
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fruity-smelling breath
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Defining characteristic of asthma:
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wheezing
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What should you do when you see someone having an asthma attack?
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- Call 911 if the victim is not known to have asthma - Help the victim use his or her prescribed medication as directed - Help the victim rest and sit in a position for easiest breathing
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What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
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- Numbness of face or arm on 1 side - Drooling - Slurred speech - Deformity in the extremities
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What is the single most important thing to do for a stroke victim?
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Call 911
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How should you position a responsive stroke victim with waiting for help to arrive?
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Have victim lie on back with head and shoulders slightly raised
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What should you not do when trying to help a victim having a seizure?
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Do not try to stop their movements or restrain them
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What can you do to help a victim having a seizure?
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- move away dangerous objects - put soft padding under the head - remove objects from around them
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What should you give to a victim experiencing low blood sugar?
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sugar
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What should you do if a diabetic becomes unresponsive or continues to have significant signs and symptoms of a diabetic emergency?
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Call 911
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When should you seek medical attention for an adult with abdominal pain?
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If he or she has: - Sudden and severe pain - Pain that starts in the center of the abdomen and moves to the lower right - Pain accompanied by fever, sweating, and blood in urine and/or stool
