final multiple choice question – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| EXAM 1 |
what domain contains disease carrying pathogens? |
| ONYLY bacteria |
| Louis pasteur |
| alcholic fermentation was a biologically mediated process |
| microscope using thing gold |
| scanning electron microscopy |
| eukaryotic microorganisms are collectively known as |
| protists |
| alage are ____ ____ organisms in lichens |
| photosynthetic partner org |
| licens are ex of _____ _____ between two groups of ____ |
| licens are ex of mutualistic relationship between two groups of protists |
| do algae have cells wall like protozoa? |
| Yes they both do |
| ***procedure of phylogenetic studies |
isolation of DNA Amplification of rRNA sequencing create tree
(isolate the donkey, make alot of him, put them into sequences then, create a trree)
|
| base pairs of DNA held together by |
| HB |
| 3 component of nucleotide |
nucleotide C5 sugar phosphate Nitrogen base |
| 3 componenents of nucleoside |
nucleoside (SIDE) , c5, Nitrogeneous base
|
| difference between components of nucleotide and sides? |
tide- made of tide/ phosphate ( tides have lot's of E or ATP) oside- made of osides ; ; |
| describe polysaccaride |
| monometic units of polysacc linked by sugar bonds (glycosidic bonds) |
| what is the role of nucleotide |
nucleic acid formation sugar carrier in biosynthesis of poly sacchs regulatory mole for certain enzyme NOT electrical E |
| peptide bond is formed when NH2 and ___ joins together and Water is ___ |
| cooh joins together and WATER is RELEASED |
| alpha provides more _____, and beta provides more _____ ******* |
flexibility, regidity ; alpha is the weakling =) |
| archeal lipids lack what in the membrane |
| fatty acids |
| outermost layer of hypothetical cell |
| slime layer |
| cell affected by lysozyme |
| gram positive bacteria |
| what happens to substance during group translocation |
| chemiicaly modified during transport |
| ABC transport requires ____ and often invovled in uptake of ___ and ____ cmpds |
| ABC require ATP and often involved in uptake of organic and inorganic cmpds |
| in pathogeneic bacteria, protein secreted via type _ secretion systems are translocated direcly into the ____. |
| 3, host |
| lac Permease (simple transport) to transport lactose across CM is ATP? |
| NOOOOOO GTP |
KDO sugar is found ____region of lipopolysaccaride(LPS) and component of (endotoxin) of LPS is found in ____ region |
| core polysaccaride , Lipid A region |
similarity between pseudomurein and peptidoglycan is?? ; ; |
| NAG |
| biphytanyl molecule within membrane structure of the ___; posses a lipd ____ |
| archaea/ monolayer |
| function of pili*** |
| twitching motility and genetic transfer between cells |
****prokaryotes that lack cell walls 2 ; (fire burns my plasmas--> no cell wall) |
mycoplasmas and thermoplasmas
|
endospres have complex structures (DPA) that are ABSENT from vegetative cells
endospores cycle: activation--?germ--?outgrowth |
microbial locomotion:
flagella increase or decrease rotational speed depending on PMFFFFF |
| which domains posses gas vesicles |
| bacteria/archaea |
| teichoic acid is found in the cell wall of which kinds of bacteria |
| gram positive |
beigernick winogradsky
think sky- nitrogen
|
| nodule, nitrogen fixation |
| sergei winogradsky |
| chemolithotrophy and autotrophy |
| hyperthermophiles are mainly in what group? |
| crenarchaeota |
| Exam 2 |
| copper is not a macro-molecule |
| siderophores |
| help transfer IRON MAN across the world |
| culture media is not |
| defined, |
| Gram negative Ecoli ferments lactose turning MacConkey agar what color? |
| PINK |
| ethers are found only in which domain |
| archea |
| positive deltaG (free E) refers to |
| endergonic E requiring |
| enzymes are generally NOT smaller than substrate |
| which reaction in glycolysis involve substrate-level phosphorylation to generate ATP**** |
| PEP--> pyruvate |
Net product of glycolysis is 2nadh, 2 atp, and 2 pyruvates
lactate fermentation does not produce NADH, only recycles it as an electron carrier |
| pyruvate kinases NOT found in gluconeogenesis |
| pyruvate kinase |
| which bacteria uses NA motive force |
| alkaliphile bacillus firmus |
| water is only produced through ETC at the end |
| batch culture |
rate of cell death is faster than rate of exponential growth
people die faster then they grow. FALSE |
| chemostate growth rate is controlled by what? |
| dilution rate |
| in chemostate, growth yield (biomass) is controlled by concentration of what? |
| limiting nutrient |
| in batch culture, is it possoble to independently control both growth yield and rate |
| NOOO WAYYYYYY! |
****
NADH = 3 ATP FADH = 2 ATP |
| osmophiles |
| high sugar |
| xerophiles |
| low water availability |
| halophiles |
| high salt loving enviroments |
| cryptic growth |
| numbers of cells being generated = cells dying (thing static) |
| why does direct microscopic counts of natural samples typically reveal more micro of any given culture condition |
| count dead cells, different microganisms in every smal sample, VBNC! |
| advantages of turbiditity measurement |
| do not require destructure or significance disturbance of samples |
| amino group typically comes from INORGANIC nitrogen source obtained from the surrounding and added by what 2 possible enzymes |
1. glytamate dehydrogenase 2. glutamine synthetase |
| MreB |
| major shape determining protein in prok. |
| which 3 subgroups use ETC/PMF***** |
| chemolithotrophy and respiration (aerobic and anaerobic respiration) |
| what holds fatty acid chains together as it is being synthesized |
| ACP, actyl carrier protein |
regulation of activity of biosynthetic enzyme (glutamine synthetase (GS) is regulated by adenosine AMP which is true
amount of glutamine and GS acivity are INVERSELY CORRELATED |
| bacterial growth, generation time is dependent on what 2 components? |
a. growth medium b. incubation conditions |
| heme prosthetic groups are associaited with cytochrome C |
| the final step to peptidoglycan sythesis is NOT cross link between G (N-acetyl) and G (N-acetyl), what is it then? |
| Rna Synthesis transcription begins at the ____ ____ in prokaryotes |
| PROMOTER region |
| function of primase |
| No synthesis of RNA Primer |
| EXAM 3 |
| predicting start codon requires what? |
| 10/35 nd shine dalgarno seq |
