question

In attribution theory, the person who offers a causal explanation of the actor's behavior is called the

answer

observer

question

A mother gives her three-year-old and her four-year-old children chocolate milk in identically shaped glasses to avoid conflict over who has more. The mother is showing her awareness of her children's difficulty with

answer

conservation

question

Melissa and John have been happily married for 30 years because they have ensured that they have no opportunities to fight. Both of them have jobs so they contribute proportionately to the household income, and they equally share all other responsibilities. Melissa and John's happy marriage can best be explained by the

answer

social exchange theory

question

_____ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt.

answer

egoism

question

Most adults reach their peak physical development during their

answer

20s

question

Katie bought a few t-shirts from a garage sale. While purchasing them, she tried her best to bargain as she knew the seller was charging her a higher price for every t-shirts compared to the others. After reaching home, she found that there was an extra t-shirts in her bag for which she did not pay. As her mother had taught her to return things that did not belong to her, Katie went back to the store and returned the extra t-shirts. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, Katie belongs to the _____ level of moral development.

answer

conventional

question

Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules.

answer

authoritarian

question

Ian came home after curfew. Without asking for an explanation, his parents sent him to his room and informed him that he was grounded for a month. Which of the following types of parenting did Ian's parents demonstrate?

answer

authoritarian

question

Nativist approaches to infant cognitive development suggest that

answer

infants bring a great deal more with them into the world than Piaget realized.

question

An important feature of optimal intergroup contact that involves working together on a shared goal is known as

answer

task-oriented cooperation

question

Which of the following is true of agreeableness in the context of prosocial behavior?

answer

It is related to greater volume in the posterior cingulate cortex

question

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, the first 18 months of life are devoted to mastering which developmental task?

answer

trust vs mistrust

question

Which of the following statements was made by Freud's critics on his ideas about sexuality, early experience, social factors, and the unconscious mind?

answer

The first five years of life are not as powerful in shaping adult personality as Freud thought.

question

According to Jung, the collective unconscious contains

answer

archetypes

question

In a cross-sectional study related to developmental psychology,

answer

a number of people are assessed at one point in time

question

Which of the following is true of the three structures of personality described by Freud?

answer

According to Freud, the ego abides by the reality principle

question

Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious?

answer

psychodynamic perspectives

question

According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the conscious mind that is shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past is called the

answer

collective unconscious

question

A child decides to steal a small item from a neighborhood store in order to be accepted into the Hawk Club. The child reasons that the stealing behavior is acceptable because it is what his friends expect of him. According to Kohlberg, this child is operating at the _____ level.

answer

conventional

question

Sam is a participant in a study of moral development. In response to the Heinz moral-dilemma story, Sam says "Heinz shouldn't steal the drug because if he steals he will go to jail. Jail is a bad place so Heinz shouldn't take the risk of such harsh punishment." Sam appears to be operating at which of the following stages of moral development?

answer

pre conventional

question

Which stage of cognitive development involves replacing intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete situations?

answer

concrete operational

question

_____ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group.

answer

prejudice

question

Four-month-old baby Oscar is a participant in a preferential-looking experiment. Researchers show Oscar two photos, one of which is of his mother's face, and the other which is of a female stranger's face. The photos are presented repeatedly in differing locations, and the amount of time Oscar spends looking at the photos is recorded. What will researchers conclude if Oscar shows a reliable preference for his mother's face over the stranger's face?

answer

oscar can discriminate his mothers face from a strangers face

question

If a child is in Piaget's preoperational stage of development, which of the following tasks is the child most likely to perform?

answer

represent the world with words and images

question

The bystander effect is most likely to occur

answer

when someone is witnessing an emergency and there are several other people present.

question

effects show the potential power of stereotypes and other sources of expectations on human behavior.

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy

question

Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. He has never been to any of Cooper's soccer games or met any of his friends. Cooper's father believes that his career is more important than raising his son. As such, he does not get involved in Cooper's life. Psychologists would describe Cooper's father's style of parenting as

answer

neglectful

question

Robert, a nine-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on TV. Last night, he used several of the aggressive wrestling moves on his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains William's behavior?

answer

observational learning

question

is the idea that men and women (and boys and girls) are much more similar than they are different.

answer

gender similarities hypothesis

question

The Stanford prison experiment provides a dramatic example of how social situations and the roles we take on in life can influence

answer

deindividuation

question

If Marcy is feeling guilty about lying to her mother, supporters of Freud's psychoanalytic theory would most likely argue that her _____ is making her feel this way.

answer

superego

question

Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be

answer

more collaborative

question

You arrange two rows of pennies so they are equal in length. A child views the rows and states that s/he has the same amount of pennies. You spread out the pennies in the bottom row so it is longer than the top row. The child now states that the bottom row has more pennies. This child is in which of Piaget's stages?

answer

pre operational

question

Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are associated with aggression

answer

frontal lobes

question

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage?

answer

symbolic thinking of children is limited

question

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

answer

self fulfilling prophecy

question

The area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information is called

answer

social cognition

question

Eysenck suggested that the _____ of extraverts and introverts differs with respect to the baseline level of arousal.

answer

reticular activation system

question

Integrative therapy is most compatible with the _____ model of abnormal behavior.

answer

biopsychosocial

question

state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time.

answer

catatonia

question

Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs?

answer

SSRIs

question

Xanax, Valium, and Librium are benzodiazepines that are commonly used drug therapies for treating

answer

anxiety disorders

question

All of the following are symptoms of borderline personality disorder EXCEPT

answer

reduced awareness

question

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

answer

hallucinations/ delusions

question

Which of the following forms of treatment would be used only as a last resort to help patients with severely debilitating conditions?

answer

psychosurgery

question

Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on

answer

illological thoughts

question

In the context of family therapy, getting the family to acknowledge that the problem is a family problem and not just the problem of one individual is known as

answer

reframing

question

_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

answer

anorexia

question

A woman who is in relentless pursuit of thinness for more than six months, so much so that she is starving herself to achieve this goal is exhibiting symptoms of

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize

answer

self-fulfillment rather than illness

question

Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the _____ perspective of psychotherapy.

answer

humanistic

question

made it illegal to discriminate against a person with a psychological disorder in the workplace when the person's condition does not prevent performance of the job's essential functions.

answer

The Americans with Disabilities Act

question

A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior.

answer

maladaptive thoughts

question

Individuals with dissociative disorders have

answer

a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala

question

In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

answer

panic disorder

question

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

answer

depression

question

Chronic sore throat, kidney problems, dehydration, gastrointestinal problems, and dental problems are complications commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from

answer

bulimia nervosa

question

_____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior.

answer

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

question

Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for

answer

smoking. over eating, alcohol

question

A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.

answer

mood

question

_____ is a technique in cognitive therapy.

answer

Decatastrophize

question

Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the to psychological disorders

answer

psychological approach

question

A fear becomes a phobia when

answer

person will go to any length to avoid fear

question

Dr. Patterson tries to create a warm supportive atmosphere to help her clients improve their self-concepts and to encourage insight into problems. Dr. Patterson says little to her depressed client. Instead, she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems. This emphasis on encouraging self-reflection indicates that Dr. Patterson is practicing

answer

client- centered therapy

question

Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the _____ factors associated with depression.

answer

psychological

question

Robert's teacher, Martha, has complained about his behavior on several occasions. According to Martha, Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted. She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature. If Robert were to be taken by his teacher to Dr. Miller, a psychiatrist, he is likely to be diagnosed with

answer

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

question

Dr. Susan is your family therapist. She believes that to adequately understand psychological problems, she must understand the role that you play in the family system. Which of these statements supports that underlying belief?

answer

The psychological symptoms of a person are a function of the family relationship.

question

Luanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist points out that her thoughts, and not the situation itself, cause her depression. Luanne's therapist seems to practice _____ therapy.

answer

becks cognitive

question

helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation.

answer

Decatastrophize technique

question

In 1973, Rosenhan conducted a study in which eight healthy individuals were asked to see a psychiatrist at various hospitals. What did the results of this study demonstrate?

answer

Once a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, that label colors how others perceive everything else he or she does.

question

Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? A. An individual experiences PTSD symptoms only several months or years after a trauma. B. Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD. C. Genetic inheritance does not play a role in the development of PTSD. D. Individuals with PTSD seek attention and are open to expressing their emotions.

answer

b

question

Which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs? A. Neuroleptic drugs treat the causes of schizophrenia, not its symptoms. B. Neuroleptic drugs have substantially increased the length of hospital stays for individuals with schizophrenia. C. Neuroleptic drugs are widely used to treat bipolar disorder. D. If an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return.

answer

D

question

Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?

answer

electroconvulsive therapy

question

Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder?

answer

social phobia

question

An individual who has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months and unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings likely suffers from

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

Cookie Monster, one of the characters on the children's TV show Sesame Street, has an intense urge to consume cookies, even when doing so is irrational and maladaptive. Eating cookies gives Cookie Monster a great source of pleasure and satisfaction. Freud would say that his behavior reflects the fact that Cookie Monster is ruled by his

answer

Id

question

Which of the following is true of the three structures of personality described by Freud? A. According to Freud, the id is completely conscious, whereas the ego is partly unconscious. B. In Freud's view, the id has contact with reality. C.The superego acts as a mediator between the conflicting demands of the id and the ego. D. According to Freud, the ego helps individuals to test reality.

answer

d

question

Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as

answer

rational aggression

question

Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders.

answer

medical model

question

A schizophrenic patient who falsely believes that he is Jesus Christ is experiencing

answer

delusion

question

A schizophrenic patient hears multiple voices inside his head talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. It can be inferred that the patient is experiencing the symptom of

answer

hallucination

question

Which of the following is an important aspect of cognitive-behavior therapy?

answer

self efficiency

question

Tranquilizers are _____ drugs.

answer

anti anxiety

final gen psych exam – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards