question

What are the disadvantages of Probation and Parole

answer

relative lack of punishment, increase risk to community, increase social cost

question

Mary is sentenced to probation. The conditions of her probation include: maintain employment, possess no firearm, obey all laws, and meet with her probation officer biweekly. These _________________ conditions apply to all probationers in the jurisdiction where she was sentenced.

answer

general

question

What are the functions of Probation and Parole Officers?

answer

presentence investigations, intake procedures, needs assassment and disgnosis, client supervision

question

Which model describing the duties of probation and parole officers sees clients as "wards" whom officers are expected to control?

answer

correctional

question

House arrest is a valuable alternative to prison for what type of offenders?

answer

offenders with special needs

question

A sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency is known as_______________________

answer

community service

question

The Federal Probation System a. was mandated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Ex Parte United States in 1916. b. was adopted in 1909 from correctional practices developed by the U.S. Military Judicial System. c. was established by the executive order of President Eisenhower in 1954. d. was authorized by the National Probation Act of 1925.

answer

d. was authorized by the National Probation Act of 1925.

question

Probation is ordered by the______________

answer

court

question

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that probation officers may search a probationer's residence without a search warrant?

answer

Griffin v Wisconsin

question

What is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the United States?

answer

probation

question

Which of the following is a prisoner reentry strategy? a. community service b. probation c. restitution d. parole

answer

d. parole

question

Nationwide, approximately what percentage of inmates successfully complete parole?

answer

49%

question

Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott declined to extend the exclusionary rule to searches conducted by whom?

answer

parole officers

question

Which of the intermediate sanctions exposes offenders to highly regimented environment involving strict discipline, physical training, and hard labor?

answer

shock incarceration

question

What is often described as the strictest form of probation for adults in the United States? a. intensive supervision probation b. split probation c. house arrest d. shock probation

answer

a. intensive supervision probation

question

When an offender violates the terms of his parole and is returned to prison, it is called______________________

answer

parole violation

question

What are the advantages to having Probation and Parole systems?

answer

lower cost, increased employment, restitution, community support

question

Women account for about what percentage of the country's jail population?

answer

12%

question

Which Supreme Court case held that overcrowding in prisons is not by itself cruel and unusual punishment?

answer

Rhodes v Chapman

question

________ capacity refers to the inmate population the institution was originally built to handle. a. Design b. Rated c. Operational d. Construction

answer

a. Design

question

The use of prison chain gangs, the abolition of parole, and an emphasis on individual responsibility and punishment are aspects of the ________ model of imprisonment. a. reformatory b. justice c. penitentiary

answer

b. justice

question

What is the name of the jail strategy that joins "pod architecture" with a participative, proactive management philosophy? a. control by construction b. direct-supervision c. routine control d. futuristic applications

answer

b. direct-supervision

question

Inmates are generally housed in dormitory-like settings and are free to walk the yard in ________-security institutions. a. minimum b. maximum c. ADMAX d. medium

answer

a. minimum

question

Which of the following statements about jails is false? a. The number of males sentenced to jail is growing much faster than the number of females sentenced to jail. b. Jails are short-term confinement facilities. c. Jails are overcrowded. d. Jails transfer inmates to federal, state, or other authorities.

answer

a. The number of males sentenced to jail is growing much faster than the number of females sentenced to jail.

question

Since 1980, the prison population has a. doubled. b. remained the same. c. quadrupled. d. decreased by 10%.

answer

c. quadrupled.

question

________ capacity is the number of inmates that a facility can effectively accommodate based on an appraisal of the institution's staff, programs, and services. a. Design b. Operational c. Rated d. Crowded

answer

b. Operational

question

________ incapacitation is a strategy that would imprison almost all serious offenders. a. Collective b. Indeterminate c. Massive d. Selective

answer

a. Collective

question

________ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals. a. Focused b. Collective c. Massive d. Selective

answer

d. Selective

question

Most people sentenced to federal prison have been convicted of ________ crimes. a. white-collar b. drug c. violent d. property

answer

b. drug

question

All death-row inmates are held in ________ prisons. a. medium-security b. federal c. minimum-security d. maximum-security

answer

d. maximum-security

question

The typical American prison today is a. an ADMAX prison. b. minimum or medium custody. c. private. d. maximum or supermaximum custody.

answer

b. minimum or medium custody.

question

How many security levels are there in the federal prison system? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

answer

d. 5

question

The largest growth group in jails nationwide is a. minorities. b. juveniles. c. females. d. males.

answer

c. females.

question

Jails that are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions are called a. direct-supervision jails. b. podular jails. c. regional jails. d. jail boot camps

answer

c. regional jails.

question

________ is the most secure prison ever built by the federal government. a. The FCC at Allenwood, Pennsylvania, b. The ADMAX at Florence, Colorado, c. Alcatraz d. Terminal Island, California,

answer

b. The ADMAX at Florence, Colorado,

question

Jails have been called the ________ of the criminal justice system. a. ADMAX b. pride c. heart d. shame

answer

d. shame

question

________ become(s) more important in direct-supervision jails, where relationships are more complex. a. Ex post facto laws b. Training in supervision c. Armed security officers d. The justice model

answer

b. Training in supervision

question

The majority of this country's jail inmates are a. juveniles. b. senior citizens. c. women. d. members of minority groups.

answer

d. members of minority groups.

question

What state became the first in modern times to reinstitute the use of the prison chain gang? a. Maine b. Illinois c. Alabama d. California

answer

c. Alabama

question

Which term refers to the size of the inmate population a facility can handle according to the judgment of experts? a. design capacity b. operational capacity c. rated capacity d. minimum capacity

answer

b. operational capacity

question

High-security facilities in the federal prison system are called a. U.S. penitentiaries. b. federal correctional institutions. c. federal prisons. d. federal prison camps.

answer

a. U.S. penitentiaries.

question

Medium- and low-security facilities in the federal prison system are called a. federal penitentiaries. b. U.S. penitentiaries. c. federal prison camps. d. federal correctional institutions.

answer

d. federal correctional institutions.

question

Operational capacity is a. the size of the inmate population. b. the number of inmates a prison was architecturally intended to hold. c. the number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based upon management considerations. d. none of the above

answer

c. the number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based upon management considerations.

question

A number of jurisdictions have begun releasing nonviolent offenders sentenced to short term confinements due to a. lack of funding. b. prisoner lawsuits. c. concerns about AIDS. d. a retreat from the just deserts philosophy.

answer

a. lack of funding.

question

What is the primary force holding inmates in minimum-security prisons? a. their own restraint b. highly secured jail cells c. barbed-wire fences d. the parole board

answer

a. their own restraint

question

Most states have one large ________ institution. a. ADMAX b. locally controlled c. minimum security d. centrally located maximum-security

answer

d. centrally located maximum-security

question

Most states use a(n) ________ system to assign inmates to custody levels. a. ex post facto b. direct-supervision c. classification d. design-capacity

answer

c. classification

question

Which level of security is highest within the federal prison system? a. medium-security b. administrative-maximum c. high-maximum d. high-security

answer

b. administrative-maximum

question

34. Which level of prison security often has chain-link fences topped with barbed wire? a. supermax-security b. medium-security c. maximum-security d. minimum-security

answer

b. medium-security

question

Which of the following is not a dimension that can be used to measure prison crowding? a. living arrangements (i.e., single vs. double bunking) b. how long inmates are confined in cells c. the prison's fiscal budget d. the space available per inmate

answer

c. the prison's fiscal budget

question

The United States has how many county jails? a. 1,342 b. 3,360 c. 650 d. 240

answer

b. 3,360

question

Female officers working in jails a. are disproportionately skewed toward jobs in the lower ranks. b. make up about 50% of the workforce. c. are usually regarded negatively by male officers. d. are usually not allowed to supervise male inmates in unscreened showers or toilet facilities.

answer

b. make up about 50% of the workforce.

question

Prison language is also called a. convict talk. b. prison argot. c. "the code." d. the secret vocabulary.

answer

b. prison argot.

question

An enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives is called a(n) a. argot b. total institution c. subculture d. civil death

answer

b. total institution

question

The socialization of inmates into the prison subculture is called a. schooling. b. prisonization. c. neutralization. d. role development.

answer

b. prisonization.

question

In 2009, the Justice Department reported finding ________ state and federal inmates infected with the HIV virus. a. 1,239 b. 21,987 c. 12,908 d. 354

answer

b. 21,987

question

The ________ model of prison culture suggests that inmates bring values, roles, and behavioral patterns from the outside world. a. importation b. captive c. adaptation d. deprivation

answer

a. importation

question

John Irwin described the lifestyle of an inmate who takes advantage of the positive experiences the prison has to offer as a. a retreatist. b. an opportunist. c. a legalist. d. a hedonist.

answer

b. an opportunist.

question

In The Society of Captives, Gresham Sykes described the pains of imprisonment, or the ________ prisoners experience. a. deprivations b. social settings c. recreational opportunities d. illnesses

answer

a. deprivations

question

Which of the following terms is prison slang for an informant? a. rat b. mean dude c. punk d. lemon squeezer

answer

a. rat

question

Which Supreme Court case provided a balancing test as the guideline for most inmate rights cases? a. Mallery v. Lewis b. McNamara v. Moody c. Dettmer v. Landon d. Pell v. Procunier

answer

d. Pell v. Procunier

question

In regard to religious freedom, the government shall not impose __________ on the religious exercise of the prisoner. a. a substantial burden b. any rules c. a limit d. any restrictions

answer

d. any restrictions

question

A career offender, who is generally supportive of inmates' values in a women's prison, is called a. a square. b. a femme. c. a life. d. a cool.

answer

d. a cool.

question

Many sexual aggressors in prison participate in gang rapes a. because they are homosexual. b. for sexual release. c. to avoid becoming victims themselves. d. for money.

answer

c. to avoid becoming victims themselves.

question

Which Supreme Court case provided inmates with appropriate due process before disciplinary actions by prison officials could be brought against the inmates? a. Vitek v. Jones b. Ponte v. Real c. Wolff v. McDonnell d. Katz v. United States

answer

c. Wolff v. McDonnell

question

Within a few years following the end of the hands-off doctrine, ________ intervened in the running of prisons in numerous states. a. the federal courts b. the U.S. Bureau of Prisons c. the U.S. Attorney General d. the U.S. Congress

answer

a. the federal courts

question

The 10 years between 1970 and 1980 have been called the ________ of prison riots. a. "historic era" b. "death knell" c. "explosive decade" d. "mainstay"

answer

c. "explosive decade"

question

What word describes aggressive men who assume the masculine role in homosexual relations in male prisons? a. wolf b. fag c. rat d. punk

answer

a. wolf

question

Prisoners rights, because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment _________. a. can be thought of as conditional. b. can be thought of as absolute. c. cannot be protected by the courts. d. do not enjoy constitutional protection

answer

a. can be thought of as conditional.

question

The ________ is the type of prisoner who thinks of prison as home and feels more comfortable institutionalized than on the streets. a. opportunist b. colonizer c. radical d. legalist

answer

b. colonizer

question

Which type of prisoners picture themselves as political prisoners? a. colonists b. mean dudes c. radicals d. legalists

answer

c. radicals

question

Rookie" correctional officers learn through socialization that a. the ideals of professionalism stressed in training are rarely translated into reality. b. rehabilitation is the number one priority of corrections officials. c. it is best to keep to yourself and not fraternize with other officers. d. inmates are "monsters."

answer

a. the ideals of professionalism stressed in training are rarely translated into reality.

question

The majority of women who are in prison or jail are there for a. violent crimes against children. b. non-violent drug and property crimes. c. prostitution. d. crimes against the person.

answer

b. non-violent drug and property crimes.

question

Which of the following is not a cause of prison riots? a. multiple treatment opportunities for inmates b. dehumanizing prison conditions c. power vacuums d. insensitive prison administration and neglect of inmates' demands

answer

d. insensitive prison administration and neglect of inmates' demands

question

The Sentencing Project says that ________ American citizens across the nation are barred from voting because of previous felony convictions. a. 3.9 million b. 390,000 c. 3,900 d. 390

answer

a. 3.9 million

question

Which state has the largest number of female prisoners? a. Ohio b. California c. Texas d. New York

answer

c. Texas

question

Of the women entering prisons, ________ % are mothers. a. 40 b. 80 c. 20 d. 60

answer

b. 80

question

Streetwise, young women with little respect for traditional prison values are called a. lifes. b. cools. c. squares. d. crack kids.

answer

d. crack kids.

question

________ among female inmates is very high. a. High school education b. Excellent health c. Substance abuse d. Sexual aggression

answer

d. Sexual aggression

question

Rhodes v. Chapman dealt with which inmate issue? a. double-celling b. visitation c. medical care d. religion

answer

. double-celling

question

Challenges to prison conditions by inmates, which are brought under the Eighth Amendment, must show _________ by the officials responsible for the conditions. a. negligence b. recklessness c. criminality d. deliberate indifference

answer

b. recklessness

question

Suits to formally request a hearing to determine the lawfulness of imprisonment are generally called a. writs of federal action. b. writs of habeas corpus. c. writs of mandamus. d. ex post facto writs.

answer

b. writs of habeas corpus.

question

A wanton disregard by corrections personnel for the well-being of inmates is called a. deliberate indifference b. recklessness c. negligence d. hands off doctrine

answer

a. deliberate indifference

question

A(n) ________ is a formalized arrangement, usually involving a neutral hearing board, whereby inmates have the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement. a. grievance procedure b. court hearing c. balancing test d. inquisition

answer

a. grievance procedure

question

Civil death refers to a. any civil suit filed by an inmate. b. death-row inmates who have exhausted all their appeals in state and federal appellate courts. c. inmates denied the opportunity to vote, hold public office, or enter into contracts. d. prison administrators refusing access to the prison law library.

answer

c. inmates denied the opportunity to vote, hold public office, or enter into contracts.

question

When examining the quality of medical treatment provided to inmates, courts attempt to identify a a. "deliberate indifference" on the part of the staff. b. "dehumanizing" attitude toward inmates. c. "withholding of special services." d. "totality of the type of care."

answer

a. "deliberate indifference" on the part of the staff.

question

Which act of Congress reduced the number of suits brought by state prisoners in federal courts? a. Prison Oversight and Habeas Corpus Review Act b. Prison Civil Procedure Act c. Prison Justice Act d. Prison Litigation Reform Act

answer

d. Prison Litigation Reform Act

question

Correctional systems can prevent the transmission of AIDS through a. vaccinations. b. education. c. good nutrition. d. punishment of HIV-positive prisoners.

answer

b. education.

question

Government agencies that function to investigate, supervise, adjudicate, care for, or confine youthful offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court are called a. status system b. juvenile petition c. juvenile justice system d. juvenile disposition

answer

c. juvenile justice system

question

The document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent is called a(n)

answer

petition

question

A child who has no parents or whose parents are unable to care for him or her is called a(n)

answer

dependent child

question

Children who purchase cigarettes, buy alcohol, and are truant are a. status offenders. b. neglected children. c. dependent children. d. juvenile delinquents.

answer

a. status offenders.

question

If a juvenile's case is going to be transferred to adult court, it must be transferred a. after the adjudicatory hearing, but before the dispositional hearing. b. before intake. c. immediately after the dispositional hearing. d. after intake, but before the adjudicatory hearing.

answer

d. after intake, but before the adjudicatory

question

The federal Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 requires states accepting federal funds for their juvenile justice systems to agree to separate juvenile prisoners from adult prisoners by "sight and sound" and to a. grant juveniles the right to trial by jury. b. establish teen courts. c. deinstitutionalize status offenders. d. abandon the doctrine of parens patriae.

answer

c. deinstitutionalize status offenders.

question

If the first court a juvenile case appears in is a juvenile court, the juvenile court is said to have ________ jurisdiction.

answer

original

question

Most states define a juvenile subject to juvenile court jurisdiction as a person who has not yet turned ________ years of age.

answer

18

question

Most states consider a child who is forced into delinquent behavior to be a(n) ________ child.

answer

abused

question

A child who has not been receiving the proper level of physical or psychological care from his or her parents or guardians is a(n)

answer

neglected child

question

The 1967 Arizona case that granted juveniles many of the due process protections enjoyed by adults, including the right to counsel, was a. In re Gault b. Breed v. Jones c. In re Winship d. Roper v. Simmons

answer

a. In re Gault

question

The child-savers movement of the nineteenth century produced the a. teen court. b. adjudicatory hear

answer

a. teen court.

question

A common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and to take custody of a child when he or she is in need, of care the natural parents are unwilling or unable to provide, is called a. status offense b. stare decisis c. parens patriae d. In re Gault

answer

c. parens patriae

question

Under Roman law, the ______ had absolute control over the child.

answer

father

question

In juvenile court, a petition is similar to a ________ in adult court. a. verdict b. criminal complaint c. warrant d. waiver

answer

a. verdict

question

The first step in decision making in a case regarding a juvenile whose behavior is in violation of the law is known as a. adjudication. b. the disposition. c. intake. d. the arraignment.

answer

c. intake.

question

The fact-finding process wherein the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition is called (a)n a. intake b. transfer hearing c. dispositional hearing d. adjudicatory hearing

answer

d. adjudicatory hearing

question

Teen court is an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which alleged offenders are judged and/or sentenced by a a. jury of teachers and social workers. b. specially appointed judge. c. jury of their peers. d. juvenile court judge.

answer

a. jury of teachers and social workers.

question

What is the final stage in a juvenile case? a. the petition b. intake c. adjudication d. dispositional hearing

answer

d. dispositional hearing

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