FINAL: Chapter 9 & 11 – Flashcards

Which is an example of facial feedback hypothesis? 1)smiling in order to draw a smile from a friend 2)avoiding eye contact in order to avoid talking to someone 3) making yourself smile, then finding that your mood is more positive 4)trying to make eye contact in order to flirt with someone

The need for ________ involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals.

Julie is a gymnast who consistently falls off the beam when attempting one particular trick. She has an upcoming competition, and she is experiencing stress due to worry that she will fall again. Julie decides to set up a private lesson with her coach to try to figure out what she is doing wrong. This is an example of what coping strategy?

Physiologically, the body responds to emotion with arousal created by the: 1)amygdala. 2)pituitary gland. 3)circulatory system. 4)sympathetic nervous system.

After we have decided that a certain event is a stressor, we must decide how we will deal with it and what resources are available for coping with the stressor. This process is called ________. -primary appraisal -secondary appraisal -tertiary appraisal -distress-eustress dichotomy

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an e-mail attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of ________.

You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next? -You experience physiological changes followed by fear. -You feel fear followed by physiological changes. -You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously. -You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear.

The statement, "If you expect something to make you feel bad, chances are it will" is reflective of which of the following theories of emotion? -somatic -Darwinian -appraisal -opponent-process

Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law? -Bill has a bad test score because he did not study. -Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high. -Mary buys a new car. -Toni watches TV all night.

According to Maslow, a time in a person's life during which self-actualization has been temporarily achieved is a: -peak experience. -self-determination experience. -expectancy-value experience. -transcendence experience.

Sam, a preschooler, overheard his parents fighting loudly after he went to bed. The next day at school, Sam got into a fistfight with one of his friends. This is an example of: -aggression. -displaced aggression. -persistence. -withdrawal.

The method in which the minority person tries to maintain a sense of original cultural identity, while also trying to form a positive relationship with members of the dominant culture, is called ________. -integration -assimilation -separation -marginalization

According to Maslow, the motive of self-actualization makes one want ________. -to fulfill one's inborn potential -to have frequent contact with others -to possess as many material goods as possible -to convince others of one's true worth

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion? -stimulus --> emotion --> physiological changes -stimulus --> physiological changes --> emotion -physiological changes --> stimulus --> emotion -stimulus --> emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)

Ken wants to go to law school because he believes being a lawyer will bring him prestige and a good income. However, he is not sure he should attend because he is very concerned about the hard work law school will involve and the money it will cost. Ken is faced with a(n) ________ conflict. -approach-approach -avoidance-avoidance -approach-avoidance -pressure

What is the relationship between a person's ability to control a stressful situation and the degree of stress they experience? -The less control a person has, the less stress he or she may experience. -The more control a person has, the more stress he or she may experience. -There is no relationship. -The less control a person has, the more stress he or she may experience.

Seira is very pleasant and likes to keep the peace. She finds it difficult to express emotions and internalizes her anger. She has few friends and spends a lot of time alone. According to research, Seira ________. -is at high risk for coronary heart disease -is a hardy personality -is a Type B personality -is a Type C personality

Which of the following is one of the ways in which religion helps people reduce or cope with stress? -Religion can provide a strong social support system. -Religion includes rituals that get people to dwell on their failings. -Most religions promote psychological defense mechanisms. -Religion isolates people from those who are different.

Individuals who choose to neither maintain contact with their original culture, nor join the majority culture, are considered ________. -separated -acculturated -integrated -marginalized

Which Type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is linked to heart disease? -hostility -compulsiveness -competitiveness -chronic irritability

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) may be involved in ________. -the stoppage of eating -the onset of eating -processing low fats -food allergies

Bill has felt isolated and an like "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year. As a result, he decided to join a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge. According to Maslow, Bill may be attempting to meet the need of ________. freedom belonging transcendence physiology

According to Lazarus, our first task when faced with a potential stressor is to estimate its severity and to determine whether it is a challenge or threat. This evaluation is referred to as a ________. primary appraisal secondary appraisal stress-related decision hassle-related decision

A person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, easily annoyed, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger is said to be exhibiting a ________ personality. Type A Type S Type B Type C

When the teacher was handing out this test, you noticed that your respiration rate and heartbeat increased, your palms got sweaty, and your hand shook a little. Your pretest behaviors were triggered by the ________. Upon completion of the exam, your body returned to its normal state by way of the ________. parasympathetic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called ________. stability equilibrium homeostasis physiological balance

Glenn believes he can learn from his mistakes and that study and perseverance will help him improve his intelligence. According to Dweck, what locus of control does Glenn have? internal locus of control decremental incidental external locus of control

Which of the following are considered emotional, as opposed to mental, symptoms of stress? sleeping irregularity, frequent colds, nausea depression, fear, anger difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating on tasks eating too much, smoking or drinking more than usual, hitting people or throwing things

Jacob's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer. He has encouraged him to get good grades, graduate college earlier than his peers, and work as hard as he can. Jacob does not care about going to law school, but he does so to please his father. Jacob is responding to ________. anxiety pressure overload cognitive dissonance

Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knife point. This is an example of ________. problem-focused coping emotion-focused coping avoidance reappraisal

The part of the brain that seems to influence emotions such as fear and pleasure is the ________. thalamus pons amygdala thyroid gland

The approach to understanding motivation that suggests each person has an optimal level of tension is the _____________ theory. intrinsic arousal humanistic incentive

A person in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome may feel better, even though he or she continues to secrete hormones to help the body fight a stressor. alarm resistance exhaustion termination

Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as ________. hassles catastrophies eustresses stressors

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, which needs must be met first? esteem safety physiological belongingness and love

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict. approach-avoidance avoidance-avoidance approach-approach incompatible demands

Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory asserts that the three primary human interpersonal needs are competence, relatedness, and: self-esteem. self-actualization. safety. autonomy.

________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water. Motivation A drive A value Instinct

Which of the following best describes the instinct theory of motivation? Tension is created within an organism when it has been deprived of something it needs, thus compelling it to satisfy its needs. External cues elicit behavior from an organism. Organisms have inborn patterns of behavior and innate desires to perform in a certain manner. Organisms have desires to act in specific ways, but these behaviors can be modified by learning.

A(n) _______ is an external stimulus that can motivate behavior even if no drive is initially present. homeostatic mechanism motor program arousal mechanism incentive

The first response that people typically make to frustration is ________. persistence increasing efforts varying efforts aggression

Sasha is experiencing stress in her workplace that is causing her to feel dissatisfied and pessimistic. As a result, she has a desire to quit her job. Sasha is experiencing ________. road rage eustress poverty-related stress burnout

________ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being. Acute stress Eustress Distress Catastrophic stress

Sensation seekers: always gravitate toward situations that involve danger. do not show sensation-seeking behaviors until they are teenagers. would prefer to stay home rather than travel to other countries. need more arousal in the form of more complex and varied sensory experiences.

When photographs of facial expressions conveying different emotions were shown to subjects in different countries, the subjects: tended to agree on the emotional meaning of the different expressions. rarely agreed on the emotional meaning of the different expressions. agreed only on expressions of anger and fear. none of the above

Daniel Seligman, who first research learned helplessness and then learned optimism, has identified 5 factors that are related to life satisfaction. He used the acronym of PERMA to identify these 5 factors. Which of the following is NOT one of the five factors. Positive emotion Encouragement Relationships Meaning

Which motivational theorist is associated with the following assumption? "Before higher level needs can be addressed or acted on, one's lower level needs must be met." Freud Maslow McClelland Harlow

An example of intrinsic motivation is reading a textbook because: you want to earn an A on a test. you want to avoid a D or F. you enjoy reading it. you are being paid to read it.

According to Holmes and Rahe, a person who scores over 300 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than people with lower scores to have what kind of experience in the near future? more frequent changes of job a divorce commission of a crime a higher chance of becoming ill or having an accident

Physiologically-based drives that are unlearned are called ________ drives. primary reflexive acquired tertiary