Final Chapter 21 – Flashcards
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The Industrial Revolution fueled British investments all over the world but especially in: A. Africa and southeast Asia. B. Spain and Italy. C. the Netherlands and France. D. Japan and China. E. the United States and Latin America
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The United States and Latin America
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A population explosion in Europe saw France grow, from 1831 to 1851, from 32.5 million people to: A. 35.8 million people. B. 37.1 million people. C. 39.2 million people. D. 40.3 million people. E. 60.7 million people.
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35.8 million people
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The migration from the countryside during the 19th century produced a situation in which: A. the physical resources of cities were stretched beyond capacity. B. the physical resources of cities were able to be ratcheted up to meet capacity. C. crime rates were unaffected. D. diseases were kept at bay. E. most rural areas were left all but depopulated.
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the physical resources of cities were stretched beyond capacity
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Improvements in the railway system meant that: A. consumer goods garnered a higher share of investment dollars over capital goods. B. ships made of iron were no longer needed. C. the working class had a higher purchasing power. D. there was a shortage of consumer goods at affordable prices. E. the purchasing power of the working class increased dramatically.
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there was a shortage of consumer goods at affordable prices
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The Irish potato crop failures of the 1840s were devastating because ______
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The Irish agricultural economy relied on one product and the Irish people relied on that same product--the potato--as their main source of food
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The population of Ireland prior to the Great Hunger stood at about 8 million; at the turn of the 21st century, it stood at ___________.
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5.5 million
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The process by which workers became a commodity in the labor marketplace is called: A. mill migration. B. textilization. C. proletarianization. D. labor industrialization. E. consumerism.
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proletarianization
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In this new labor marketplace, workers: A. were brought into the salary system. B. had no direct say about product quality. C. submitted to simple changes in factory discipline. D. had considerable bargaining power. E. had no say about product quality.
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had no say about product quality
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By the late 1830s, many British workers hung their hopes for reform on a platform known as: A. Simonianism. B. Fourierism. C. Hegelianism. D. Chartism. E. Marxism.
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Chartism
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The Chartism reform movement included measures for all of the following EXCEPT: A. universal male suffrage. B. Elections in the House of Commons. C. secret ballots. D. equal electoral districts. E. votes for women.
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votes for women
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The working conditions for mine workers in ___________ shocked Europe when a report on the conditions was publicized in the 1840s.
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Wales
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The labor movement in the 19th century abandoned the _________ system, which had allowed workers to gain control over a number of factors surrounding their employment.
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guild
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Early factory owners permitted a man to employ whom as assistants? A. His siblings B. His wife C. His children D. Both B and C E. His parents
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both his wife and his children
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The Crystal Palace, built in London for the Great Exhibition of 1851, was constructed to demonstrate: A. that consumer goods were designed with the working class in mind. B. the potential of nonviolent trade. C. the potential of reusing old materials. D. that glass could be used in works of art. E. the power of popular politics.
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the potential of nonviolent trade
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The English Factory Act of 1833 for bade the employment of children under the age of: A. 7. B. 9. C. 10. D. 12. E. 16.
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9
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By 1847, the English Parliament mandated a: A. 10-hour day. B. 11-hour day. C. 12-hour day. D. 13-hour day. E. 8-hour day.
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10 hour day rule
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A major shift in the family and factory structure, characterized by an increase in the size of machinery and factories, began in the mid-___________.
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1820s
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Following the English Factory Act, many British workers began demanding _______
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shorter workdays for adults
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During the 19th century, the domestic division of labor into specific gender patterns prevailed among: A. the working class, as well as the middle and upper classes. B. the middle class. C. the gentry. D. none of these answers. E. the rural poor.
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the working class, as well as the middle and upper classes
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The decade of the 1820s saw an increase in women working in textile factories. Their new jobs required: A. fewer skills than those required in home-based textile work. B. more skills than those required in home-based textile work. C. more skills than those required by work typically done by men. D. at least a grammar school education. E. at least a high school education.
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fewer skills than those required in home-based textile work
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In France by about 1850, the largest group of employed women worked: A. in factories. B. as domestic servants. C. on the land. D. in shops. E. in offices.
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on land
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As a result of the vulnerability caused by the economic transformation taking place in the 19th century, the low wages of female workers sometimes led them to become ___________ to supplement their income.
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prostitutes
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Factory owners disliked employing ___________ women.
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married
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Which European city was first to have an organized police force? A. Frankfurt B. London C. Paris D. Manchester E. Berlin
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Paris
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Criminal activity in Europe steadily escalated before reaching a plateau around: A. 1830. B. 1840. C. 1850. D. 1860. E. 1880.
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1860
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In the late 18th century, Britain began transporting criminals to Australia as an alternative to: A. capital punishment. B. life imprisonment. C. public works imprisonment. D. transporting them to France. E. transporting them to South Africa.
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capital punishment
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Europeans followed prison models used in the United States; one of those models, the Auburn system, called for: A. prisoners to have free association with one another. B. prisoners to be separated at all times. C. prisoners to be separated only at night. D. prisoners to work in the free community. E. prisoners to live in mixed-sex hostels.
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prisoners to be separated only at night
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Legislation that established the London police force was sponsored by _________
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Sir Robert Peel
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The practice of sending prisoners over seas was called___________.
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transportation
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Classical economists advocated growth through: A. expanded social programs. B. government control of enterprise. C. an interdependent approach established by neighboring markets. D. high taxes. E. free enterprise.
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free enterprise
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One role of government espoused by classical economists was to: a. abolish military forces as being counterproductive to trade. b. abstain from taxation completely. c. maintain the currency system. d. take a significant role in economic life. e. abolish all aid for the poor.
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maintain the currency system
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Thomas Malthus' Essay on the Principle of Population advocated: A. family planning. B. early marriage. C. sexual freedom. D. a relaxation of concern about the food supply. E. polygamy.
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family planning
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David Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy: A. advocated the establishment of a minimum wage. B. supported employers in their reluctance to raise wages. C. argued for the establishment of labor unions. D. tossed aside Malthus' theories on the relationship between population and economy. E. outlined an early form of socialism.
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supported employers in their reluctance to raise wages
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What is the correct chronological order for the publication of the following works? A. Principles of Political Economy, The Communist Manifesto, The Wealth of Nations B. The Communist Manifesto, The Wealth of Nations, Principles of Political Economy. C. The Wealth of Nations, Essay on the Principle of Population, Principles of Political Economy D. The Communist Manifesto, Principles of Political Economy, The Wealth of Nations E. The Wealth of Nations, The Communist Manifesto, Principles of Political Economy
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C. The Wealth of Nations, Essay on the Principle of Population, Principles of Political Economy
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The theory of ___________ was based on the principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
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utilitarianism
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In 1834, most German states formed a trading union called the ___________.
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Zollverein
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A group of writers who helped to define the social question were called this by their critics: A. Communal economists B. Utopian socialists C. Radical socialists D. Rational economists E. Irrational liberals
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Utopian socialists
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Count Claude Henri de Saint-Simon fought in this revolution: A. The French Revolution B. The American Revolution C. The European Revolution D. The Prussian Revolution E. The Russian Revolution
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The American Revolution
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What was the name given to the group of activists who rejected industry and government? A. Anarchists B. Early socialists C. Utopian socialists D. Marxists E. Republicans
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Anarchists
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Who did Karl Marx partner with to write The Communist Manifesto? A. Louis Blanc B. David Ricardo C. Thomas Malthus D. Friederich Engels E. Henri de Saint-Simon
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Friederich Engels
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One source of inspiration for The Communist Manifesto was: A. French utopian socialism. B. transportationism. C. confectionism. D. Czech nationalism. E. liberalism.
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French utopian socialism
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The most famous work of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was ___________, in which he attacked the banking system.
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What is Property?
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In 1842 and 1843, Marx edited the radical ___________.
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Rhineland Gazette
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The impetus for change in 1848 was primarily driven by: A. the working class. B. the middle class. C. the gentry. D. the nobility. E. the church.
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the middle class
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The revolutions of 1848 and 1849: A. resulted in a unified middle and working class. B. were successful in establishing liberal or national states. C. ended monarchy in Europe forever. D. won new political power for the working class. E. failed to establish liberal or national states.
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failed to establish liberal or national states
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The revolutions of 1848 began in: A. France. B. England. C. Germany. D. Austria. E. Poland.
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France
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The most radical group of female revolutionary women in the country where the 1848 revolutions began called themselves the: A. Scythians. B. Amazons. C. Vesuvians. D. Insurgents. E. Mastadons.
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Vesuvians
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During the Magyar Revolt in Hungary, the Hungarians tried to annex: A. Pressburg. B. Transylvania. C. Bavaria. D. Saxony. E. Prussia.
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Transylvania
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A profound split between the German working class and German liberals was marked by: A. the creation of the Frankfurt Parliament. B. the revolution in Prussia. C. the suppression of a radical revolt in Frankfurt by the German Confederation. D. disagreements over the issue of unification. E. the kulturkampf.
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the creation of the Frankfurt Parliament
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In February 1848, the throne of ___________ was burned by an angry mob.
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Louis Philippe
