Feminist and Social Contract Theory – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Lawrence Kohlberg
answer
theory of six stages of moral development
question
Jean Piaget
answer
four stages of childhood cognitive deveolpment (sensory motor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations)
question
Sigmund Freud
answer
stages of psychosexual development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital)
question
Carol Gilligan
answer
student of Kohlberg; recognized that girls assess ethical dilemmas differently from boys. feminine approach was not adequately evaluated on Kohlberg's scale; the feminine approach emphasizes relationships, community, caring, and bonding with family, friends, and others from their communities
question
the Social Contract
answer
a model that philosophers have used to justify the state and adherence to law and social rules (answers "why should I obey?" and "what makes authority legitimate?"
question
consent-based theories
answer
define and legitimate the nature and extent of political authority
question
Rousseau, Kant, Rawls, and Scanlon
answer
philosophers who use Social Contract as a criterion for determining whether a law or act of government is just or unjust, by reflecting on if we can assume the consent of the governed
question
the state of nature
answer
the human condition prior to organized society
question
perfect, total freedom
answer
before there was a social collective with rules and authority, humans existed in a state of
question
Thomas Hobbes
answer
contends that none of us want to live in perfect freedom
question
equality of need
answer
we all need the same things for our survival and must fend for ourselves in a world characterized by scarcity and competition
question
Hobbes
answer
believes that people are driven by self-interest; also believes in psychological and ethical egoism and natural law
question
John Locke and Rousseau
answer
see total liberty as a great good and see harmony where Hobbes sees war; Rousseau argues that we are actually better, healthier, and saner in the state of nature and extols the "noble savage,"
question
noble savage
answer
corrupted by private property, inequality, social class differences, schooling, and the trappings of civilized society
question
John Rawls
answer
uses the social contract model in A Theory of Justice; begins with what he terms the "original position"
question
original position
answer
where people are under the "veil of ignorance"
question
veil of ignorance
answer
people don't know if they are smart or stupid, energetic or lazy, rich or poor, male or female- and must rationally work out the best fairest set of social arrangements
question
impartiality
answer
to get us to think beyond our personal, individualistic self-interest, and instead focus on our collective self interest (the common good)
question
altruism
answer
assertions of "moral facts"
